At 14:12 24/03/2008, Firman Carol wrote:
Achmad Zaenal Abidin <[EMAIL PROTECTED]> wrote:
Temans,
Sewaktu melihat pameran Agrinex 2008 di JCC tanggal 21 Maret 2008
siang sebelum ke Pekanbaru, saya cukup surprise sewaktu melihat
salah satu stand yang mempromosikan pohon Hitaullo sebagai bahan
baku bahan bakar nabati yang mempunyai effisiensi diatas 60% lebih
tinggi dari pada jarak pagar (Jatropha Curcas) yang berkisar 30%.
........................
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Calophyllum_inophyllum
Calophyllum inophyllum
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Calophyllum inophyllum
<http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Image:Calophyllum-inophyllum02.jpg>
Calophyllum inophyllum flower
Calophyllum inophyllum flower
<http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Conservation_status>Conservation status
<http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Image:Status_iucn2.3_LC.svg>
[]
<http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Least_Concern>Least Concern
<http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Scientific_classification>Scientific
classification
Kingdom: <http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Plant>Plantae
Division: <http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Flowering_plant>Magnoliophyta
Class: <http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Magnoliopsida>Magnoliopsida
Order: <http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malpighiales>Malpighiales
Family: <http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Clusiaceae>Clusiaceae
Subfamily: <http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kielmeyeroideae>Kielmeyeroideae
Tribe:
<http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Calophylleae&action=edit&redlink=1>Calophylleae
Genus: <http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Calophyllum>Calophyllum
Species: C. inophyllum
<http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Binomial_nomenclature>Binomial name
Calophyllum inophyllum
<http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carolus_Linnaeus>L.
Calophyllum inophyllum is a large
<http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Evergreen>evergreen tree in the
<http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Family_%28biology%29>family
<http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Clusiaceae>Clusiaceae, native from
<http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/East_Africa>East Africa, southern
coastal <http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/India>India to
<http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malesia>Malesia and
<http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Australia>Australia. It is called
Ballnut or, confusingly, "Alexandrian Laurel" (it is not a
<http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lauraceae>laurel nor native to
<http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alexandria>Alexandria). Nowadays it is
widely cultivated in all
<http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tropical>tropical regions of the
world, including several
<http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pacific_Islands>Pacific Islands.
Because of its decorative <http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leaf>leaves,
fragrant <http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Flower>flowers and spreading
crown, it is best known as an
<http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ornamental_plant>ornamental plant.
It is a low-branching and slow-growing tree with a broad and
irregular crown. It usually reaches 8 to 20 m in height. The flower
is 25 mm wide and occurs in
<http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Raceme>racemose or
<http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Panicle>paniculate
<http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Inflorescence>inflorescences
consisting of 4 to 15 flowers. Flowering can occur year-round, but
usually two distinct flowering periods are observed, in late
<http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spring_%28season%29>spring and in late
<http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Autumn>autumn. The fruit (the ballnut)
is a round, green <http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Drupe>drupe reaching
2 to 4 cm in diameter and having a single large seed. When ripe, the
fruit is wrinkled and its color varies from yellow to brownish-red.
This tree often grows in coastal regions as well as nearby
<http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lowland>lowland
<http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Forest>forests. However it has also
been cultivated successfully in inland areas at moderate altitudes.
It tolerates varied kinds of
<http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Soil>soil, coastal
<http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sand>sand,
<http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Clay>clay or even degraded soil.
In the <http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maldives>Maldives this tree is
known as "funa".
In <http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tahiti>Tahiti they call it the ati
or
tamanu<http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Calophyllum_inophyllum#_note-0>[1]
tree. Several species of the tree grow wild in the tropical climes
in the <http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pacific>Pacific. In
<http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hawaii>Hawai i, the tree and nuts are
called kamani; in <http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fiji>Fiji the name
is dilo, while it is fetau in both
<http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Samoa>Samoa and
<http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Niu%C4%93>Niu , and in
<http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tonga>Tonga it is feta u or
tamanu<http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Calophyllum_inophyllum#_note-1>[2].
In <http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vanuatu>Vanuatu, the natives call
the oil
<http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Nambagura&action=edit&redlink=1>nambagura.
[<http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Calophyllum_inophyllum&action=edit§ion=1>edit]
Uses
Besides being a popular ornamental plant, its wood is hard and
strong and has been used in construction or boatbuilding.
Traditional Pacific Islanders used Calophyllum wood to construct the
keel of their canoes while the boat sides were made from Breadfruit
wood. The seeds yield a thick, dark green oil for medicinal use or
hair grease. Active ingredients in the oil are believed to
regenerate tissue, so is sought after by cosmetic manufacturers as
an ingredient in skin cremes. The nuts should be well dried before
cracking, after which the oil-laden kernel should be further dried.
The fatty-acid methyl ester of C. inophyllum seed oil meets all of
the major <http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biodiesel>biodiesel
requirements in the USA (ASTM D 6751-02, ASTM PS 121-99), Germany
(DIN V 51606) and European Union (EN 14214). The average oil yield
is 11.7 kg-oil/tree or 4680 kg-oil/hectare
The tree is regarded as sacred in some Pacific islands because of
its excellent growth in sandy soil as shade tree,
antibacterial/costmetic oil and key role as traditional canoes' keel.
[<http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Calophyllum_inophyllum&action=edit§ion=2>edit]
References
* Stevens (1998).
<http://www.iucnredlist.org/search/details.php/33196/all>Calophyllum
inophyllum. 2006 <http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/IUCN_Red_List>IUCN
Red List of Threatened Species.
<http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/World_Conservation_Union>IUCN 2006.
Retrieved on 12 May 2006.
* <http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.biombioe.2005.05.001>Prospects
and potential of fatty acid methyl esters of some non-traditional
seed oils for use as biodiesel in India
* <http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Calophyllum_inophyllum#_ref-0>^
The Tahitian tamanu may also refer to the Calophyllum tacamahaca.
In fact many references treat the tacamahaca as the same species as
the inophyllum.
* <http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Calophyllum_inophyllum#_ref-1>^
The Tongan tamanu is the Calophyllum vitiensis.
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