If memory serves me right, Bob McMahon via Iperf-users wrote:
> speaking for iperf2 <https://sourceforge.net/projects/iperf2/>, the
> iperf client writes a sequence number in every packet.   The server then
> calculates the lost packets per the sequence number gaps.
> 
> For iperf2, there is no test hanshake between client and server for
> basic UDP tests.

iperf3 also uses sequence numbers in each packet.  I presume the OP is
referring to iperf3, because information on the number of packets
transmitted and received is also conveyed over the (TCP-based) control
channel.

Bruce.


> On Mon, Aug 6, 2018 at 12:53 AM, Ayrton Senna
> <ayrtonsenna.ph...@gmail.com <mailto:ayrtonsenna.ph...@gmail.com>> wrote:
> 
>     Hello,
> 
>     This question has been bugging me since I started using iperf and I
>     couldn't find an answer by simply sifting through old iperf
>     discussions online. 
> 
>     So, Since UDP uses connectionless communication, how, in theory, is
>     iperf using it to know the number of lost packets during
>     transmission between service and client? 
>     I can only imagine that this is achieved by establishing a TCP(or
>     other)-based connection on top first, and then somehow wrapping the
>     UDP connection, because when iperf UDP test is run, both client and
>     server seem to exchange information or do some sort of handshaking. 
> 
>     Thanks, 
>     Ayrton
> 
>     
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