jnh5y opened a new pull request, #27895:
URL: https://github.com/apache/flink/pull/27895

   ## What is the purpose of the change
   
   In HyperLogLogPlusPlus.query(), the expression "1 << mIdx" uses int shift 
which wraps modulo 32. At high cardinality 
   (~100M+ distinct values), some registers accumulate values >= 32, causing 
the shift to produce incorrect zInverse contributions and wildly wrong 
estimates.
   
   ## Brief change log
   
   In `HyperLogLogPlusPlus.java`, change "1 << mIdx" to "1L << mIdx" to use 
long shift arithmetic.
   
   ## Verifying this change
   
   This change added a test in `HyperLogLogPlusPlusTest.java`.
   
   ## Does this pull request potentially affect one of the following parts:
   
     - Dependencies (does it add or upgrade a dependency): (yes / no)
     - The public API, i.e., is any changed class annotated with 
`@Public(Evolving)`: (no)
     - The serializers: (no)
     - The runtime per-record code paths (performance sensitive): (no)
     - Anything that affects deployment or recovery: JobManager (and its 
components), Checkpointing, Kubernetes/Yarn, ZooKeeper: (no)
     - The S3 file system connector: (no)
   
   ## Documentation
     - Does this pull request introduce a new feature? (no)


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