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https://issues.apache.org/jira/browse/IMPALA-7655?page=com.atlassian.jira.plugin.system.issuetabpanels:comment-tabpanel&focusedCommentId=16657532#comment-16657532
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Paul Rogers edited comment on IMPALA-7655 at 10/22/18 6:56 PM:
---------------------------------------------------------------
This note summarizes the state of each of the Impala conditional functions to
identify the path needed to implement the requested changes, and to ensure that
the changes don't impact other functionality. We also point out a few
out-of-scope nice-to-haves as we go along.
In general, all the action here is in just a few places:
* {{sql-parser.cup}} in which syntax is reduced to parse nodes such as
functions or operators. The parser unifies certain constructs such as {{<=>}}
and {{IS NOT DISTINCT FROM}}.
* {{FunctionCallExpr.createExpr()}} is given a function-like definition and
converts some of them to other forms ({{decode()}}, {{nvl2(}}, {{nullif()}}. A
nice-to-have would be to move this logic to
{{SimplifyConditionalsRule.apply()}} so we have a uniform way of doing
transforms.
* {{SimplifyConditionalsRule}} does a great many transforms of various
conditional rules. (We will add more for this task.)
* {{impala_functions.py}} in the BE provides a mapping from remaining functions
(those not optimized away above) to implementations. All functions listed here
are cross-compiled into LLVM along with a generated wrapper function that binds
the function to its set of arguments.
* {{conditional-functions.[h|cc]}} handles special case functions that require
short-circuit argument evaluation ({{isull()}}, {{if()}}, {{coalesce()}}).
These three functions are never code generated. The goal of this task is to
convert these into a code generated for using {{CASE}}.
For all expressions, the planner does a check for all-constant expressions
(such as {{NULL IS NOT NULL}} or {{(10 = 9) IS TRUE}}) and replaces them with
the result of the expression by using the BE to interpret the partial
constant-only expression tree. As a result, the rewrite steps focus on the
non-trivial cases that require knowledge of the semantics of a given function.
In the suggestions that follow, we rewrite certain functions into {{CASE}}.
But, in so doing, we end up evaluating certain terms twice. IMPALA-7737 asks to
resolve that issue.
Below is a summary of each conditional function that identifies current state
and any changes that might be possible.
h4. {{CASE ...}}
BE: Interpreted when in the {{SELECT}} clause (IMPALA-4356). Code generated
when in the {{WHERE}} clause or in a join.
h4. {{x IS [NOT] (TRUE | FALSE)}}
FE, {{sql-parser.cup}}: captured as a {{FunctionCallExpr}} for the equivalent
{{ISTRUE\(x)}}, etc. function.
h4. {{x IS [NOT] NULL}}
FE, {{sql-parser.cup}}: captured as a {{IsNullPredicate}}. (Note that this is
the opposite of {{IS TRUE}}, etc.)
BE: Cross compiled as a UDF: {{IsNullPredicate::Is[Not]Null}}, with wrapper.
h4. {{IS[NOT](TRUE|FALSE)\(x)}}
BE: Implemented in {{ConditionalFunctions::IsTrue}}, etc.
h4. {{NULLIF(expr1, expr2)}} \\ {{NVL2(expr, trueExpr, falseExpr)}}
FE, {{FunctionCallExpr}}: {{nullif(expr1, expr2)}} → {{if(expr1 IS
DISTINCT FROM expr2, expr1, NULL)}}
{{NULLIF()}} and {{NVL2()}} vanish from the plan after this step. There is no
entry for {{nullify()}} in {{impala_functions.py}}.
h4. {{ISNULL(a, b)}}
BE: Alias for this method exist in {{impala_functions.py}}, special
implementation in {{conditional-functions.[h|cc]}}.
*Suggestion:* Rewrite as:
{code:sql}
CASE a IS NULL THEN b ELSE a END
{code}
Since {{isnull()}} would vanish from the plan after this transform, remove the
BE implementation.
h4. {{NVL(a, b)}} \\ {{IFNULL(a, b)}}
FE, {{SimplifyConditional}}: Treated same as {{ISNULL(a, b)}}, but is not
rewritten to this form.
BE: Alias for this method exist in {{impala_functions.py}}.
*Suggestion:* Rewrite to {{ISNULL(a, b)}}, drop from {{impala_functions.py}} to
make things a bit more tidy. (If the suggestion for {{isnull()}} is taken, then
even {{isnull()}} vanishes from the plan in the planner.
h4. {{[NON]NULLVALUE\(x)}}
An entry in {{impala_functions.py}} maps this method to the compiled {{IS [NOT]
NULL}} operator implementations.
*Suggestion:* To make {{impala_functions.py}} less messy, add a transform to
the FE to replace these functions with the operators, and remove the functions'
entries from {{impala_functions.py}}. This also ensures that all optimization
applied to the operators is also done for the functions.
h4. {{x <=> (TRUE | FALSE | NULL)}} \\ {{x IS [NOT] DISTINCT FROM (TRUE | FALSE
| NULL)}}
FE {{sql-parser.cup}}: Parsed (in generic form) into a
{{BinaryPredicate(BinaryPredicate.Operator.(NOT_DISTINCT|DISTINCT_FROM)...)}}
BE: Implemented code generated {{Operators::NotDistinct_BooleanVal_BooleanVal}}.
*Suggestion:* To leverage special Boolean optimizations, rewrite the above to
{{IS(TRUE|FALSE)\(x)}} or {{x IS [NOT] NULL}} in the planner. (The planner
appears to already rewrite expressions such as {{TRUE <=> x}} into a canonical
form so that the rewrite rules need not handle both versions.)
Note: there is no function equivalent of these functions, they are "invisible"
to the user, but are listed as {{distinctfrom}} and {{notdistinct}} in
{{impala_functions.py}}.
h4. {{IF(cond, trueExpr, falseExpr)}}
FE: {{SimplifyConditional}} performs basic simplifications.
BE: Implemented in {{conditional-functions.[h|cc]}} as an interpreted-only
function to allow short-circuit argument evaluation.
*Suggestion:* Rewrite in the FE to
{code:sql}
CASE WHEN cond THEN trueExpr ELSE falseExpr END
{code}
{{IF()}} will then vanish from the plan so remove the BE implementation.
h4. {{COALESCE(e1, e2, … en)}}
FE: {{SimplifyConditional}} performs basic simplifications.
BE: Implemented in {{conditional-functions.[h|cc]}} as an interpreted-only
function to allow short-circuit argument evaluation.
*Suggestion:* Rewrite in the FE to
{noformat}
CASE WHEN [ei IS NOT NULL THEN ei]* ELSE en END
{noformat}
When doing so, extend two existing optimizations.
1. Remove not only leading null values, but all null values.
2. Special case not just the last non-null literal, but rather when
encountering the first such value, drop all remaining terms.
{{COLAESCE()}} will then vanish from the plan so remove the BE implementation.
Since this step will remove the last of the special conditional functions,
remove {{conditional-functions.[h|cc]}} as well.
was (Author: paul.rogers):
This note is a work in progress in which we will track the behavior of each
conditional function and operator in Impala. It will show which optimizations
currently exist, which functions/operators are code generated, and provide the
foundation for working out how to optimize the others, including those in the
ticket title.
For all expressions, the planner does a check for all-constant expressions
(such as {{NULL IS NOT NULL}} or {{(10 = 9) IS TRUE}}) and replaces them with
the result of the expression by using the BE to interpret the partial
constant-only expression tree.
Note that, in order for the above to work, any function-level rewrites must
happen _before_ the constant evaluation, else the BE may not know how to
interpret the function. *TODO:* Verify the order of these steps.
h4. {{CASE ...}}
BE: Interpreted when in the {{SELECT}} clause (IMPALA-4356). Code generated
when in the {{WHERE}} clause or in a join.
h4. {{x IS [NOT] (TRUE | FALSE)}}
FE, {{sql-parser.cup}}: captured as a {{FunctionCallExpr}} for the equivalent
{{ISTRUE\(x)}}, etc. function.
h4. {{x IS [NOT] NULL}}
FE, {{sql-parser.cup}}: captured as a {{IsNullPredicate}}. (Note that this is
the opposite of {{IS TRUE}}, etc.)
BE: Cross compiled as a UDF: {{IsNullPredicate::Is[Not]Null}}, with wrapper.
h4. {{IS[NOT](TRUE|FALSE)\(x)}}
BE: Cross-compiled from {{ConditionalFunctions::Is[True}}, etc. using a wrapper
function {{ConditionalFunctions::IsTrueWrapper}}, etc. See
{{impala_functions.py}}.
*TO DO:* This operator and others in this family: determine if the optimized
code strips away the overhead of the wrapper and implementation. Else,
generating code directly for this operator should be relatively easy (or, at
least as easy as LLVM ever gets.)
h4. {{NULLIF(expr1, expr2)}}
FE, {{FunctionCallExpr}}: {{nullif(expr1, expr2)}} → {{if(expr1 IS
DISTINCT FROM expr2, expr1, NULL)}}
nullif vanishes from the plan after this step. There is no entry for
{{nullify()}} in {{impala_functions.py}}.
h4. {{NVL2(expr, trueExpr, falseExpr)}}
FE, {{FunctionCallExpr}}: {{nvl2(expr, trueExpr, falseExpr)}} → {{if(expr
IS NULL, trueExpr, falseExpr)}}
nvl2 vanishes from the plan after this step. There is no entry for {{nvl2()}}
in {{impala_functions.py}}.
h4. {{ISNULL(a, b)}}
FE, {{SimplifyConditional}}: Treated same as {{IFNULL(a, b)}}, but is not
rewritten to this form.
BE: Alias for this method exist in {{impala_functions.py}}.
*Suggestion:* Rewrite to {{IFNULL(a, b)}}, drop from {{impala_functions.py}} to
make things a bit more tidy.
h4. {{NVL(a, b)}}
FE, {{SimplifyConditional}}: Treated same as {{IFNULL(a, b)}}, but is not
rewritten to this form.
BE: Alias for this method exist in {{impala_functions.py}}.
*Suggestion:* Rewrite to {{IFNULL(a, b)}}, drop from {{impala_functions.py}} to
make things a bit more tidy.
h4. {{IFNULL(a, b)}}
FE, {{SimplifyConditional}}:
* {{ifnull(NULL, x)}} → {{x}}
* {{ifnull(a, a)}} → {{a}}
BE: Entry exists in {{impala_functions.py}}.
h4. {{[NON]NULLVALUE\(x)}}
An entry in {{impala_functions.py}} maps this method to the compiled {{IS [NOT]
NULL}} operator implementations.
*Suggestion:* To make {{impala_functions.py}} less messy, add a transform to
the FE to replace these functions with the operators, and remove the functions'
entries from {{impala_functions.py}}. This also ensures that all optimization
applied to the operators is also done for the functions.
h4. {{x <=> (TRUE | FALSE | NULL)}} \\ {{x IS [NOT] DISTINCT FROM (TRUE | FALSE
| NULL)}}
FE {{sql-parser.cup}}: Parsed (in generic form) into a
{{BinaryPredicate(BinaryPredicate.Operator.(NOT_DISTINCT|DISTINCT_FROM)...)}}
BE: Implemented code generated {{Operators::NotDistinct_BooleanVal_BooleanVal}}.
*Suggestion:* To leverage special Boolean optimizations, rewrite the above to
{{IS(TRUE|FALSE)\(x)}} or {{x IS [NOT] NULL}} in the planner. (The planner
appears to already rewrite expressions such as {{TRUE <=> x}} into a canonical
form so that the rewrite rules need not handle both versions.)
Note: there is no function equivalent of these functions, they are "invisible"
to the user, but are listed as {{distinctfrom}} and {{notdistinct}} in
{{impala_functions.py}}.
> Codegen output for conditional functions (if,isnull, coalesce) is very
> suboptimal
> ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------
>
> Key: IMPALA-7655
> URL: https://issues.apache.org/jira/browse/IMPALA-7655
> Project: IMPALA
> Issue Type: Improvement
> Components: Backend
> Reporter: Tim Armstrong
> Priority: Major
> Labels: codegen, perf, performance
>
> https://gerrit.cloudera.org/#/c/11565/ provided a clue that an aggregation
> involving an if() function was very slow, 10x slower than the equivalent
> version using a case:
> {noformat}
> [localhost:21000] default> set num_nodes=1; set mt_dop=1; select count(case
> when l_orderkey is NULL then 1 else NULL end) from
> tpch10_parquet.lineitem;summary;
> NUM_NODES set to 1
> MT_DOP set to 1
> Query: select count(case when l_orderkey is NULL then 1 else NULL end) from
> tpch10_parquet.lineitem
> Query submitted at: 2018-10-04 11:17:31 (Coordinator:
> http://tarmstrong-box:25000)
> Query progress can be monitored at:
> http://tarmstrong-box:25000/query_plan?query_id=274b2a6f35cefe31:95a1964200000000
> +----------------------------------------------------------+
> | count(case when l_orderkey is null then 1 else null end) |
> +----------------------------------------------------------+
> | 0 |
> +----------------------------------------------------------+
> Fetched 1 row(s) in 0.51s
> +--------------+--------+----------+----------+--------+------------+----------+---------------+-------------------------+
> | Operator | #Hosts | Avg Time | Max Time | #Rows | Est. #Rows | Peak
> Mem | Est. Peak Mem | Detail |
> +--------------+--------+----------+----------+--------+------------+----------+---------------+-------------------------+
> | 01:AGGREGATE | 1 | 44.03ms | 44.03ms | 1 | 1 | 25.00
> KB | 10.00 MB | FINALIZE |
> | 00:SCAN HDFS | 1 | 411.57ms | 411.57ms | 59.99M | -1 | 16.61
> MB | 88.00 MB | tpch10_parquet.lineitem |
> +--------------+--------+----------+----------+--------+------------+----------+---------------+-------------------------+
> [localhost:21000] default> set num_nodes=1; set mt_dop=1; select
> count(if(l_orderkey is NULL, 1, NULL)) from tpch10_parquet.lineitem;summary;
> NUM_NODES set to 1
> MT_DOP set to 1
> Query: select count(if(l_orderkey is NULL, 1, NULL)) from
> tpch10_parquet.lineitem
> Query submitted at: 2018-10-04 11:23:07 (Coordinator:
> http://tarmstrong-box:25000)
> Query progress can be monitored at:
> http://tarmstrong-box:25000/query_plan?query_id=8e46ab1b84c4dbff:2786ca2600000000
> +----------------------------------------+
> | count(if(l_orderkey is null, 1, null)) |
> +----------------------------------------+
> | 0 |
> +----------------------------------------+
> Fetched 1 row(s) in 1.01s
> +--------------+--------+----------+----------+--------+------------+----------+---------------+-------------------------+
> | Operator | #Hosts | Avg Time | Max Time | #Rows | Est. #Rows | Peak
> Mem | Est. Peak Mem | Detail |
> +--------------+--------+----------+----------+--------+------------+----------+---------------+-------------------------+
> | 01:AGGREGATE | 1 | 422.07ms | 422.07ms | 1 | 1 | 25.00
> KB | 10.00 MB | FINALIZE |
> | 00:SCAN HDFS | 1 | 511.13ms | 511.13ms | 59.99M | -1 | 16.61
> MB | 88.00 MB | tpch10_parquet.lineitem |
> +--------------+--------+----------+----------+--------+------------+----------+---------------+-------------------------+
> {noformat}
> It turns out that this is because we don't have good codegen support for
> ConditionalFunction, and just fall back to emitting a call to the interpreted
> path:
> https://github.com/apache/impala/blob/master/be/src/exprs/conditional-functions.cc#L28
> See CaseExpr for an example of much better codegen support:
> https://github.com/apache/impala/blob/master/be/src/exprs/case-expr.cc#L178
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