judahrand opened a new issue, #40644:
URL: https://github.com/apache/arrow/issues/40644
### Describe the enhancement requested
Pandas allows a mapping to be passed like `df.rename(columns={'foo':
'bar'})`. This is often very useful when you only want to rename a subset of
the columns. Currently, `rename_columns` only accepts a list of all column
names.
I propose that `rename_columns` be extended to accept a `Mapping[str, str]`.
All columns with a name matching a key of the mapping will be renamed to the
relevant value. If any key does not correspond to at least one column then a
`KeyError` should be raised.
Example:
```python
>>> import pyarrow as pa
>>> import pandas as pd
>>> df = pd.DataFrame({'n_legs': [2, 4, 5, 100],
... 'animals': ["Flamingo", "Horse", "Brittle stars",
"Centipede"]})
>>> batch = pa.RecordBatch.from_pandas(df)
>>> new_names = {"n_legs": "n", "animals": "name"}
>>> batch.rename_columns(new_names)
pyarrow.RecordBatch
n: int64
name: string
----
n: [2,4,5,100]
name: ["Flamingo","Horse","Brittle stars","Centipede"]
```
### Component(s)
Python
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