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https://issues.apache.org/jira/browse/CALCITE-6839?page=com.atlassian.jira.plugin.system.issuetabpanels:comment-tabpanel&focusedCommentId=17928607#comment-17928607
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Mihai Budiu commented on CALCITE-6839:
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Indeed, you can always add a cast, and that's why I think casting is a good 
solution, because it lets the USER choose the type rather than the compiler.

There is however a subtle difference between adding a CAST and changing the 
result type in type inference.
If you add a cast, all intermediate computations are performed starting from 
this type.
For example, casting to DECIMAL may use decimal for all arithmetic, which may 
be much slower than using integers.



> The SUM function sometimes throws overflow exceptions due to incorrect return 
> types
> -----------------------------------------------------------------------------------
>
>                 Key: CALCITE-6839
>                 URL: https://issues.apache.org/jira/browse/CALCITE-6839
>             Project: Calcite
>          Issue Type: Bug
>            Reporter: xiong duan
>            Assignee: xiong duan
>            Priority: Major
>              Labels: pull-request-available
>
>  The SQL in dummy.iq:
> {code:java}
> !use scott
> !set outputformat mysql
> select sum(mgr) from emp;
> !ok{code}
> Because the data type of MGR is TINYINT, according to SUM's data type 
> inference rules, the data type of SUM is also TINYINT.
> This SQL throws the exception:
> {code:java}
> java.sql.SQLException: Error while executing SQL "select sum(mgr) from emp": 
> Value 38835 out of range {code}



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