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https://issues.apache.org/jira/browse/MATH-1220?page=com.atlassian.jira.plugin.system.issuetabpanels:comment-tabpanel&focusedCommentId=14521921#comment-14521921
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Otmar Ertl commented on MATH-1220:
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Since we are sampling from a finite number of points, convergence of the 
infinite series is irrelevant. Exponent equal to 0 corresponds to a uniform 
distribution.

Yes, the tail includes the points starting from 2 to N, because the first point 
(the head) is treated differently in order to limit the rejection rate. 
Otherwise, the rejection rate could become arbitrarily large for large 
exponents.

> More efficient sample() method for ZipfDistribution
> ---------------------------------------------------
>
>                 Key: MATH-1220
>                 URL: https://issues.apache.org/jira/browse/MATH-1220
>             Project: Commons Math
>          Issue Type: Improvement
>            Reporter: Otmar Ertl
>         Attachments: patch_v1
>
>
> Currently, sampling from a ZipfDistribution is very inefficient. Random 
> values are generated by inverting the CDF. However, the current 
> implementation uses O(N) power function evaluations to calculate the CDF for 
> some point. (Here N is the number of points of the Zipf distribution.) I 
> propose to use rejection sampling instead, which allows the generation of a 
> single random value in constant time.



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