curcur commented on a change in pull request #16606:
URL: https://github.com/apache/flink/pull/16606#discussion_r690952065



##########
File path: 
flink-state-backends/flink-statebackend-changelog/src/main/java/org/apache/flink/state/changelog/materializer/PeriodicMaterializer.java
##########
@@ -0,0 +1,263 @@
+/*
+ * Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one
+ * or more contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file
+ * distributed with this work for additional information
+ * regarding copyright ownership.  The ASF licenses this file
+ * to you under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the
+ * "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance
+ * with the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+package org.apache.flink.state.changelog.materializer;
+
+import org.apache.flink.annotation.VisibleForTesting;
+import org.apache.flink.core.fs.FileSystemSafetyNet;
+import org.apache.flink.runtime.checkpoint.CheckpointOptions;
+import org.apache.flink.runtime.checkpoint.CheckpointType;
+import org.apache.flink.runtime.mailbox.MailboxExecutor;
+import org.apache.flink.runtime.state.CheckpointStorageLocationReference;
+import org.apache.flink.runtime.state.CheckpointStorageWorkerView;
+import org.apache.flink.runtime.state.CheckpointStreamFactory;
+import org.apache.flink.runtime.state.KeyedStateHandle;
+import org.apache.flink.runtime.state.SnapshotResult;
+import org.apache.flink.runtime.state.Snapshotable;
+import org.apache.flink.runtime.state.StateObject;
+import org.apache.flink.runtime.state.changelog.ChangelogStateHandle;
+import org.apache.flink.runtime.state.changelog.SequenceNumber;
+import org.apache.flink.runtime.state.changelog.StateChangelogWriter;
+import org.apache.flink.util.concurrent.ExecutorThreadFactory;
+import org.apache.flink.util.concurrent.FutureUtils;
+
+import org.slf4j.Logger;
+import org.slf4j.LoggerFactory;
+
+import javax.annotation.Nonnull;
+
+import java.util.ArrayList;
+import java.util.List;
+import java.util.concurrent.ExecutorService;
+import java.util.concurrent.Executors;
+import java.util.concurrent.RunnableFuture;
+import java.util.concurrent.ScheduledExecutorService;
+import java.util.concurrent.TimeUnit;
+import java.util.concurrent.atomic.AtomicBoolean;
+import java.util.concurrent.atomic.AtomicInteger;
+
+import static java.util.Collections.emptyList;
+import static java.util.Collections.singletonList;
+import static org.apache.flink.util.Preconditions.checkState;
+
+/** Periodically make materialization for the delegated state backend. */
+public class PeriodicMaterializer {
+    private static final Logger LOG = 
LoggerFactory.getLogger(PeriodicMaterializer.class);
+
+    /**
+     * ChangelogStateBackend only supports CheckpointType.CHECKPOINT; The rest 
of information in
+     * CheckpointOptions is not used in Snapshotable#snapshot(). More details 
in FLINK-23441.
+     */
+    private static final CheckpointOptions CHECKPOINT_OPTIONS =
+            new CheckpointOptions(
+                    CheckpointType.CHECKPOINT, 
CheckpointStorageLocationReference.getDefault());
+
+    /** task mailbox executor, execute from Task Thread. */
+    private final MailboxExecutor mailboxExecutor;
+
+    /** Async thread pool, to complete async phase of materialization. */
+    private final ExecutorService asyncOperationsThreadPool;
+
+    /** scheduled executor, periodically trigger materialization. */
+    private final ScheduledExecutorService periodicExecutor;
+
+    private final CheckpointStreamFactory streamFactory;
+
+    private final Snapshotable keyedStateBackend;
+
+    private final StateChangelogWriter<ChangelogStateHandle> 
stateChangelogWriter;
+
+    private final AsyncExceptionHandler asyncExceptionHandler;
+
+    private final int allowedNumberOfFailures;
+
+    /** Materialization failure retries. */
+    private final AtomicInteger retries;
+
+    /** Making sure only one materialization on going at a time. */
+    private final AtomicBoolean materializationOnGoing;
+
+    private long materializedId;
+
+    private MaterializedState materializedState;
+
+    public PeriodicMaterializer(
+            MailboxExecutor mailboxExecutor,
+            ExecutorService asyncOperationsThreadPool,
+            Snapshotable keyedStateBackend,
+            CheckpointStorageWorkerView checkpointStorageWorkerView,
+            StateChangelogWriter<ChangelogStateHandle> stateChangelogWriter,
+            AsyncExceptionHandler asyncExceptionHandler,
+            MaterializedState materializedState,
+            long periodicMaterializeInitDelay,
+            long periodicMaterializeInterval,
+            int allowedNumberOfFailures,
+            boolean materializationEnabled) {
+        this.mailboxExecutor = mailboxExecutor;
+        this.asyncOperationsThreadPool = asyncOperationsThreadPool;
+        this.keyedStateBackend = keyedStateBackend;
+        this.stateChangelogWriter = stateChangelogWriter;
+        this.asyncExceptionHandler = asyncExceptionHandler;
+        this.periodicExecutor =
+                Executors.newSingleThreadScheduledExecutor(
+                        new ExecutorThreadFactory("periodic-materialization"));
+        this.streamFactory = shared -> 
checkpointStorageWorkerView.createTaskOwnedStateStream();
+        this.allowedNumberOfFailures = allowedNumberOfFailures;
+        this.materializationOnGoing = new AtomicBoolean(false);
+        this.retries = new AtomicInteger(allowedNumberOfFailures);
+
+        this.materializedId = 0;
+        this.materializedState = materializedState;
+
+        if (materializationEnabled) {
+            this.periodicExecutor.scheduleAtFixedRate(
+                    this::triggerMaterialization,
+                    periodicMaterializeInitDelay,
+                    periodicMaterializeInterval,
+                    TimeUnit.MILLISECONDS);
+        }
+    }
+
+    @VisibleForTesting
+    public void triggerMaterialization() {
+        mailboxExecutor.execute(
+                () -> {
+                    // Only one materialization ongoing at a time
+                    if (!materializationOnGoing.compareAndSet(false, true)) {
+                        return;
+                    }

Review comment:
       That's a good point!

##########
File path: 
flink-state-backends/flink-statebackend-changelog/src/main/java/org/apache/flink/state/changelog/materializer/PeriodicMaterializer.java
##########
@@ -0,0 +1,263 @@
+/*
+ * Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one
+ * or more contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file
+ * distributed with this work for additional information
+ * regarding copyright ownership.  The ASF licenses this file
+ * to you under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the
+ * "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance
+ * with the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+package org.apache.flink.state.changelog.materializer;
+
+import org.apache.flink.annotation.VisibleForTesting;
+import org.apache.flink.core.fs.FileSystemSafetyNet;
+import org.apache.flink.runtime.checkpoint.CheckpointOptions;
+import org.apache.flink.runtime.checkpoint.CheckpointType;
+import org.apache.flink.runtime.mailbox.MailboxExecutor;
+import org.apache.flink.runtime.state.CheckpointStorageLocationReference;
+import org.apache.flink.runtime.state.CheckpointStorageWorkerView;
+import org.apache.flink.runtime.state.CheckpointStreamFactory;
+import org.apache.flink.runtime.state.KeyedStateHandle;
+import org.apache.flink.runtime.state.SnapshotResult;
+import org.apache.flink.runtime.state.Snapshotable;
+import org.apache.flink.runtime.state.StateObject;
+import org.apache.flink.runtime.state.changelog.ChangelogStateHandle;
+import org.apache.flink.runtime.state.changelog.SequenceNumber;
+import org.apache.flink.runtime.state.changelog.StateChangelogWriter;
+import org.apache.flink.util.concurrent.ExecutorThreadFactory;
+import org.apache.flink.util.concurrent.FutureUtils;
+
+import org.slf4j.Logger;
+import org.slf4j.LoggerFactory;
+
+import javax.annotation.Nonnull;
+
+import java.util.ArrayList;
+import java.util.List;
+import java.util.concurrent.ExecutorService;
+import java.util.concurrent.Executors;
+import java.util.concurrent.RunnableFuture;
+import java.util.concurrent.ScheduledExecutorService;
+import java.util.concurrent.TimeUnit;
+import java.util.concurrent.atomic.AtomicBoolean;
+import java.util.concurrent.atomic.AtomicInteger;
+
+import static java.util.Collections.emptyList;
+import static java.util.Collections.singletonList;
+import static org.apache.flink.util.Preconditions.checkState;
+
+/** Periodically make materialization for the delegated state backend. */
+public class PeriodicMaterializer {
+    private static final Logger LOG = 
LoggerFactory.getLogger(PeriodicMaterializer.class);
+
+    /**
+     * ChangelogStateBackend only supports CheckpointType.CHECKPOINT; The rest 
of information in
+     * CheckpointOptions is not used in Snapshotable#snapshot(). More details 
in FLINK-23441.
+     */
+    private static final CheckpointOptions CHECKPOINT_OPTIONS =
+            new CheckpointOptions(
+                    CheckpointType.CHECKPOINT, 
CheckpointStorageLocationReference.getDefault());
+
+    /** task mailbox executor, execute from Task Thread. */
+    private final MailboxExecutor mailboxExecutor;
+
+    /** Async thread pool, to complete async phase of materialization. */
+    private final ExecutorService asyncOperationsThreadPool;
+
+    /** scheduled executor, periodically trigger materialization. */
+    private final ScheduledExecutorService periodicExecutor;
+
+    private final CheckpointStreamFactory streamFactory;
+
+    private final Snapshotable keyedStateBackend;
+
+    private final StateChangelogWriter<ChangelogStateHandle> 
stateChangelogWriter;
+
+    private final AsyncExceptionHandler asyncExceptionHandler;
+
+    private final int allowedNumberOfFailures;
+
+    /** Materialization failure retries. */
+    private final AtomicInteger retries;
+
+    /** Making sure only one materialization on going at a time. */
+    private final AtomicBoolean materializationOnGoing;
+
+    private long materializedId;
+
+    private MaterializedState materializedState;
+
+    public PeriodicMaterializer(
+            MailboxExecutor mailboxExecutor,
+            ExecutorService asyncOperationsThreadPool,
+            Snapshotable keyedStateBackend,
+            CheckpointStorageWorkerView checkpointStorageWorkerView,
+            StateChangelogWriter<ChangelogStateHandle> stateChangelogWriter,
+            AsyncExceptionHandler asyncExceptionHandler,
+            MaterializedState materializedState,
+            long periodicMaterializeInitDelay,
+            long periodicMaterializeInterval,
+            int allowedNumberOfFailures,
+            boolean materializationEnabled) {
+        this.mailboxExecutor = mailboxExecutor;
+        this.asyncOperationsThreadPool = asyncOperationsThreadPool;
+        this.keyedStateBackend = keyedStateBackend;
+        this.stateChangelogWriter = stateChangelogWriter;
+        this.asyncExceptionHandler = asyncExceptionHandler;
+        this.periodicExecutor =
+                Executors.newSingleThreadScheduledExecutor(
+                        new ExecutorThreadFactory("periodic-materialization"));
+        this.streamFactory = shared -> 
checkpointStorageWorkerView.createTaskOwnedStateStream();
+        this.allowedNumberOfFailures = allowedNumberOfFailures;
+        this.materializationOnGoing = new AtomicBoolean(false);
+        this.retries = new AtomicInteger(allowedNumberOfFailures);
+
+        this.materializedId = 0;
+        this.materializedState = materializedState;
+
+        if (materializationEnabled) {
+            this.periodicExecutor.scheduleAtFixedRate(
+                    this::triggerMaterialization,
+                    periodicMaterializeInitDelay,
+                    periodicMaterializeInterval,
+                    TimeUnit.MILLISECONDS);
+        }
+    }
+
+    @VisibleForTesting
+    public void triggerMaterialization() {
+        mailboxExecutor.execute(
+                () -> {
+                    // Only one materialization ongoing at a time
+                    if (!materializationOnGoing.compareAndSet(false, true)) {
+                        return;
+                    }
+
+                    SequenceNumber upTo = 
stateChangelogWriter.lastAppendedSequenceNumber().next();

Review comment:
       NON-materialized is not part of the materialized state, that part I 
agree.
   However, I do think NON-materialized + materialized state needs to be put 
together.
   
   How about this: put NON-materialized, materialized state and seq number 
together as ChangelogKeyedStateBackend's state, and provides API to access this 
state from PeriodicMaterializer.

##########
File path: 
flink-state-backends/flink-statebackend-changelog/src/main/java/org/apache/flink/state/changelog/materializer/PeriodicMaterializer.java
##########
@@ -0,0 +1,263 @@
+/*
+ * Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one
+ * or more contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file
+ * distributed with this work for additional information
+ * regarding copyright ownership.  The ASF licenses this file
+ * to you under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the
+ * "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance
+ * with the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+package org.apache.flink.state.changelog.materializer;
+
+import org.apache.flink.annotation.VisibleForTesting;
+import org.apache.flink.core.fs.FileSystemSafetyNet;
+import org.apache.flink.runtime.checkpoint.CheckpointOptions;
+import org.apache.flink.runtime.checkpoint.CheckpointType;
+import org.apache.flink.runtime.mailbox.MailboxExecutor;
+import org.apache.flink.runtime.state.CheckpointStorageLocationReference;
+import org.apache.flink.runtime.state.CheckpointStorageWorkerView;
+import org.apache.flink.runtime.state.CheckpointStreamFactory;
+import org.apache.flink.runtime.state.KeyedStateHandle;
+import org.apache.flink.runtime.state.SnapshotResult;
+import org.apache.flink.runtime.state.Snapshotable;
+import org.apache.flink.runtime.state.StateObject;
+import org.apache.flink.runtime.state.changelog.ChangelogStateHandle;
+import org.apache.flink.runtime.state.changelog.SequenceNumber;
+import org.apache.flink.runtime.state.changelog.StateChangelogWriter;
+import org.apache.flink.util.concurrent.ExecutorThreadFactory;
+import org.apache.flink.util.concurrent.FutureUtils;
+
+import org.slf4j.Logger;
+import org.slf4j.LoggerFactory;
+
+import javax.annotation.Nonnull;
+
+import java.util.ArrayList;
+import java.util.List;
+import java.util.concurrent.ExecutorService;
+import java.util.concurrent.Executors;
+import java.util.concurrent.RunnableFuture;
+import java.util.concurrent.ScheduledExecutorService;
+import java.util.concurrent.TimeUnit;
+import java.util.concurrent.atomic.AtomicBoolean;
+import java.util.concurrent.atomic.AtomicInteger;
+
+import static java.util.Collections.emptyList;
+import static java.util.Collections.singletonList;
+import static org.apache.flink.util.Preconditions.checkState;
+
+/** Periodically make materialization for the delegated state backend. */
+public class PeriodicMaterializer {
+    private static final Logger LOG = 
LoggerFactory.getLogger(PeriodicMaterializer.class);
+
+    /**
+     * ChangelogStateBackend only supports CheckpointType.CHECKPOINT; The rest 
of information in
+     * CheckpointOptions is not used in Snapshotable#snapshot(). More details 
in FLINK-23441.
+     */
+    private static final CheckpointOptions CHECKPOINT_OPTIONS =
+            new CheckpointOptions(
+                    CheckpointType.CHECKPOINT, 
CheckpointStorageLocationReference.getDefault());
+
+    /** task mailbox executor, execute from Task Thread. */
+    private final MailboxExecutor mailboxExecutor;
+
+    /** Async thread pool, to complete async phase of materialization. */
+    private final ExecutorService asyncOperationsThreadPool;
+
+    /** scheduled executor, periodically trigger materialization. */
+    private final ScheduledExecutorService periodicExecutor;
+
+    private final CheckpointStreamFactory streamFactory;
+
+    private final Snapshotable keyedStateBackend;
+
+    private final StateChangelogWriter<ChangelogStateHandle> 
stateChangelogWriter;
+
+    private final AsyncExceptionHandler asyncExceptionHandler;
+
+    private final int allowedNumberOfFailures;
+
+    /** Materialization failure retries. */
+    private final AtomicInteger retries;
+
+    /** Making sure only one materialization on going at a time. */
+    private final AtomicBoolean materializationOnGoing;
+
+    private long materializedId;
+
+    private MaterializedState materializedState;
+
+    public PeriodicMaterializer(
+            MailboxExecutor mailboxExecutor,
+            ExecutorService asyncOperationsThreadPool,
+            Snapshotable keyedStateBackend,
+            CheckpointStorageWorkerView checkpointStorageWorkerView,
+            StateChangelogWriter<ChangelogStateHandle> stateChangelogWriter,
+            AsyncExceptionHandler asyncExceptionHandler,
+            MaterializedState materializedState,
+            long periodicMaterializeInitDelay,
+            long periodicMaterializeInterval,
+            int allowedNumberOfFailures,
+            boolean materializationEnabled) {
+        this.mailboxExecutor = mailboxExecutor;
+        this.asyncOperationsThreadPool = asyncOperationsThreadPool;
+        this.keyedStateBackend = keyedStateBackend;
+        this.stateChangelogWriter = stateChangelogWriter;
+        this.asyncExceptionHandler = asyncExceptionHandler;
+        this.periodicExecutor =
+                Executors.newSingleThreadScheduledExecutor(
+                        new ExecutorThreadFactory("periodic-materialization"));
+        this.streamFactory = shared -> 
checkpointStorageWorkerView.createTaskOwnedStateStream();
+        this.allowedNumberOfFailures = allowedNumberOfFailures;
+        this.materializationOnGoing = new AtomicBoolean(false);
+        this.retries = new AtomicInteger(allowedNumberOfFailures);
+
+        this.materializedId = 0;
+        this.materializedState = materializedState;
+
+        if (materializationEnabled) {
+            this.periodicExecutor.scheduleAtFixedRate(
+                    this::triggerMaterialization,
+                    periodicMaterializeInitDelay,
+                    periodicMaterializeInterval,
+                    TimeUnit.MILLISECONDS);
+        }
+    }
+
+    @VisibleForTesting
+    public void triggerMaterialization() {
+        mailboxExecutor.execute(
+                () -> {
+                    // Only one materialization ongoing at a time
+                    if (!materializationOnGoing.compareAndSet(false, true)) {
+                        return;
+                    }
+
+                    SequenceNumber upTo = 
stateChangelogWriter.lastAppendedSequenceNumber().next();

Review comment:
       NON-materialized is not part of the materialized state, that part I 
agree.
   However, I do think NON-materialized + materialized state needs to be put 
together because they are updated together.
   
   How about this: put NON-materialized, materialized state and seq number 
together as ChangelogKeyedStateBackend's state, and provides API to access this 
state from PeriodicMaterializer.

##########
File path: 
flink-state-backends/flink-statebackend-changelog/src/main/java/org/apache/flink/state/changelog/materializer/MaterializedState.java
##########
@@ -0,0 +1,61 @@
+/*
+ * Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one
+ * or more contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file
+ * distributed with this work for additional information
+ * regarding copyright ownership.  The ASF licenses this file
+ * to you under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the
+ * "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance
+ * with the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+package org.apache.flink.state.changelog.materializer;
+
+import org.apache.flink.runtime.state.KeyedStateHandle;
+import org.apache.flink.runtime.state.changelog.ChangelogStateHandle;
+import org.apache.flink.runtime.state.changelog.SequenceNumber;
+
+import java.util.List;
+
+/** Materialization State, only accessed by task thread. */
+public class MaterializedState {
+    /** Set initially on restore and later upon materialization. */
+    private final List<KeyedStateHandle> materializedSnapshot;
+
+    /** Updated initially on restore and later cleared upon materialization. */
+    private final List<ChangelogStateHandle> restoredNonMaterialized;

Review comment:
       see 
[above](https://github.com/apache/flink/pull/16606#discussion_r691055101)

##########
File path: 
flink-state-backends/flink-statebackend-changelog/src/main/java/org/apache/flink/state/changelog/materializer/PeriodicMaterializer.java
##########
@@ -0,0 +1,263 @@
+/*
+ * Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one
+ * or more contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file
+ * distributed with this work for additional information
+ * regarding copyright ownership.  The ASF licenses this file
+ * to you under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the
+ * "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance
+ * with the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+package org.apache.flink.state.changelog.materializer;
+
+import org.apache.flink.annotation.VisibleForTesting;
+import org.apache.flink.core.fs.FileSystemSafetyNet;
+import org.apache.flink.runtime.checkpoint.CheckpointOptions;
+import org.apache.flink.runtime.checkpoint.CheckpointType;
+import org.apache.flink.runtime.mailbox.MailboxExecutor;
+import org.apache.flink.runtime.state.CheckpointStorageLocationReference;
+import org.apache.flink.runtime.state.CheckpointStorageWorkerView;
+import org.apache.flink.runtime.state.CheckpointStreamFactory;
+import org.apache.flink.runtime.state.KeyedStateHandle;
+import org.apache.flink.runtime.state.SnapshotResult;
+import org.apache.flink.runtime.state.Snapshotable;
+import org.apache.flink.runtime.state.StateObject;
+import org.apache.flink.runtime.state.changelog.ChangelogStateHandle;
+import org.apache.flink.runtime.state.changelog.SequenceNumber;
+import org.apache.flink.runtime.state.changelog.StateChangelogWriter;
+import org.apache.flink.util.concurrent.ExecutorThreadFactory;
+import org.apache.flink.util.concurrent.FutureUtils;
+
+import org.slf4j.Logger;
+import org.slf4j.LoggerFactory;
+
+import javax.annotation.Nonnull;
+
+import java.util.ArrayList;
+import java.util.List;
+import java.util.concurrent.ExecutorService;
+import java.util.concurrent.Executors;
+import java.util.concurrent.RunnableFuture;
+import java.util.concurrent.ScheduledExecutorService;
+import java.util.concurrent.TimeUnit;
+import java.util.concurrent.atomic.AtomicBoolean;
+import java.util.concurrent.atomic.AtomicInteger;
+
+import static java.util.Collections.emptyList;
+import static java.util.Collections.singletonList;
+import static org.apache.flink.util.Preconditions.checkState;
+
+/** Periodically make materialization for the delegated state backend. */
+public class PeriodicMaterializer {
+    private static final Logger LOG = 
LoggerFactory.getLogger(PeriodicMaterializer.class);
+
+    /**
+     * ChangelogStateBackend only supports CheckpointType.CHECKPOINT; The rest 
of information in
+     * CheckpointOptions is not used in Snapshotable#snapshot(). More details 
in FLINK-23441.
+     */
+    private static final CheckpointOptions CHECKPOINT_OPTIONS =
+            new CheckpointOptions(
+                    CheckpointType.CHECKPOINT, 
CheckpointStorageLocationReference.getDefault());
+
+    /** task mailbox executor, execute from Task Thread. */
+    private final MailboxExecutor mailboxExecutor;
+
+    /** Async thread pool, to complete async phase of materialization. */
+    private final ExecutorService asyncOperationsThreadPool;
+
+    /** scheduled executor, periodically trigger materialization. */
+    private final ScheduledExecutorService periodicExecutor;
+
+    private final CheckpointStreamFactory streamFactory;
+
+    private final Snapshotable keyedStateBackend;
+
+    private final StateChangelogWriter<ChangelogStateHandle> 
stateChangelogWriter;
+
+    private final AsyncExceptionHandler asyncExceptionHandler;
+
+    private final int allowedNumberOfFailures;
+
+    /** Materialization failure retries. */
+    private final AtomicInteger retries;
+
+    /** Making sure only one materialization on going at a time. */
+    private final AtomicBoolean materializationOnGoing;
+
+    private long materializedId;
+
+    private MaterializedState materializedState;
+
+    public PeriodicMaterializer(
+            MailboxExecutor mailboxExecutor,
+            ExecutorService asyncOperationsThreadPool,
+            Snapshotable keyedStateBackend,
+            CheckpointStorageWorkerView checkpointStorageWorkerView,
+            StateChangelogWriter<ChangelogStateHandle> stateChangelogWriter,
+            AsyncExceptionHandler asyncExceptionHandler,
+            MaterializedState materializedState,
+            long periodicMaterializeInitDelay,
+            long periodicMaterializeInterval,
+            int allowedNumberOfFailures,
+            boolean materializationEnabled) {
+        this.mailboxExecutor = mailboxExecutor;
+        this.asyncOperationsThreadPool = asyncOperationsThreadPool;
+        this.keyedStateBackend = keyedStateBackend;
+        this.stateChangelogWriter = stateChangelogWriter;
+        this.asyncExceptionHandler = asyncExceptionHandler;
+        this.periodicExecutor =
+                Executors.newSingleThreadScheduledExecutor(
+                        new ExecutorThreadFactory("periodic-materialization"));
+        this.streamFactory = shared -> 
checkpointStorageWorkerView.createTaskOwnedStateStream();
+        this.allowedNumberOfFailures = allowedNumberOfFailures;
+        this.materializationOnGoing = new AtomicBoolean(false);
+        this.retries = new AtomicInteger(allowedNumberOfFailures);
+
+        this.materializedId = 0;
+        this.materializedState = materializedState;
+
+        if (materializationEnabled) {
+            this.periodicExecutor.scheduleAtFixedRate(
+                    this::triggerMaterialization,
+                    periodicMaterializeInitDelay,
+                    periodicMaterializeInterval,
+                    TimeUnit.MILLISECONDS);
+        }
+    }
+
+    @VisibleForTesting
+    public void triggerMaterialization() {
+        mailboxExecutor.execute(
+                () -> {
+                    // Only one materialization ongoing at a time
+                    if (!materializationOnGoing.compareAndSet(false, true)) {
+                        return;
+                    }
+
+                    SequenceNumber upTo = 
stateChangelogWriter.lastAppendedSequenceNumber().next();

Review comment:
       The reason is that I still want to keep all the materialization (sync 
and async phase within the materializer), and do not want to expose the details.
   
   The only interaction between Keyedstatebackend and materializer is 
Keyedstatebackend `state` update

##########
File path: 
flink-state-backends/flink-statebackend-changelog/src/main/java/org/apache/flink/state/changelog/materializer/PeriodicMaterializer.java
##########
@@ -0,0 +1,263 @@
+/*
+ * Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one
+ * or more contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file
+ * distributed with this work for additional information
+ * regarding copyright ownership.  The ASF licenses this file
+ * to you under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the
+ * "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance
+ * with the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+package org.apache.flink.state.changelog.materializer;
+
+import org.apache.flink.annotation.VisibleForTesting;
+import org.apache.flink.core.fs.FileSystemSafetyNet;
+import org.apache.flink.runtime.checkpoint.CheckpointOptions;
+import org.apache.flink.runtime.checkpoint.CheckpointType;
+import org.apache.flink.runtime.mailbox.MailboxExecutor;
+import org.apache.flink.runtime.state.CheckpointStorageLocationReference;
+import org.apache.flink.runtime.state.CheckpointStorageWorkerView;
+import org.apache.flink.runtime.state.CheckpointStreamFactory;
+import org.apache.flink.runtime.state.KeyedStateHandle;
+import org.apache.flink.runtime.state.SnapshotResult;
+import org.apache.flink.runtime.state.Snapshotable;
+import org.apache.flink.runtime.state.StateObject;
+import org.apache.flink.runtime.state.changelog.ChangelogStateHandle;
+import org.apache.flink.runtime.state.changelog.SequenceNumber;
+import org.apache.flink.runtime.state.changelog.StateChangelogWriter;
+import org.apache.flink.util.concurrent.ExecutorThreadFactory;
+import org.apache.flink.util.concurrent.FutureUtils;
+
+import org.slf4j.Logger;
+import org.slf4j.LoggerFactory;
+
+import javax.annotation.Nonnull;
+
+import java.util.ArrayList;
+import java.util.List;
+import java.util.concurrent.ExecutorService;
+import java.util.concurrent.Executors;
+import java.util.concurrent.RunnableFuture;
+import java.util.concurrent.ScheduledExecutorService;
+import java.util.concurrent.TimeUnit;
+import java.util.concurrent.atomic.AtomicBoolean;
+import java.util.concurrent.atomic.AtomicInteger;
+
+import static java.util.Collections.emptyList;
+import static java.util.Collections.singletonList;
+import static org.apache.flink.util.Preconditions.checkState;
+
+/** Periodically make materialization for the delegated state backend. */
+public class PeriodicMaterializer {
+    private static final Logger LOG = 
LoggerFactory.getLogger(PeriodicMaterializer.class);
+
+    /**
+     * ChangelogStateBackend only supports CheckpointType.CHECKPOINT; The rest 
of information in
+     * CheckpointOptions is not used in Snapshotable#snapshot(). More details 
in FLINK-23441.
+     */
+    private static final CheckpointOptions CHECKPOINT_OPTIONS =
+            new CheckpointOptions(
+                    CheckpointType.CHECKPOINT, 
CheckpointStorageLocationReference.getDefault());
+
+    /** task mailbox executor, execute from Task Thread. */
+    private final MailboxExecutor mailboxExecutor;
+
+    /** Async thread pool, to complete async phase of materialization. */
+    private final ExecutorService asyncOperationsThreadPool;
+
+    /** scheduled executor, periodically trigger materialization. */
+    private final ScheduledExecutorService periodicExecutor;
+
+    private final CheckpointStreamFactory streamFactory;
+
+    private final Snapshotable keyedStateBackend;
+
+    private final StateChangelogWriter<ChangelogStateHandle> 
stateChangelogWriter;
+
+    private final AsyncExceptionHandler asyncExceptionHandler;
+
+    private final int allowedNumberOfFailures;
+
+    /** Materialization failure retries. */
+    private final AtomicInteger retries;
+
+    /** Making sure only one materialization on going at a time. */
+    private final AtomicBoolean materializationOnGoing;
+
+    private long materializedId;
+
+    private MaterializedState materializedState;
+
+    public PeriodicMaterializer(
+            MailboxExecutor mailboxExecutor,
+            ExecutorService asyncOperationsThreadPool,
+            Snapshotable keyedStateBackend,
+            CheckpointStorageWorkerView checkpointStorageWorkerView,
+            StateChangelogWriter<ChangelogStateHandle> stateChangelogWriter,
+            AsyncExceptionHandler asyncExceptionHandler,
+            MaterializedState materializedState,
+            long periodicMaterializeInitDelay,
+            long periodicMaterializeInterval,
+            int allowedNumberOfFailures,
+            boolean materializationEnabled) {
+        this.mailboxExecutor = mailboxExecutor;
+        this.asyncOperationsThreadPool = asyncOperationsThreadPool;
+        this.keyedStateBackend = keyedStateBackend;
+        this.stateChangelogWriter = stateChangelogWriter;
+        this.asyncExceptionHandler = asyncExceptionHandler;
+        this.periodicExecutor =
+                Executors.newSingleThreadScheduledExecutor(
+                        new ExecutorThreadFactory("periodic-materialization"));
+        this.streamFactory = shared -> 
checkpointStorageWorkerView.createTaskOwnedStateStream();
+        this.allowedNumberOfFailures = allowedNumberOfFailures;
+        this.materializationOnGoing = new AtomicBoolean(false);
+        this.retries = new AtomicInteger(allowedNumberOfFailures);
+
+        this.materializedId = 0;
+        this.materializedState = materializedState;
+
+        if (materializationEnabled) {
+            this.periodicExecutor.scheduleAtFixedRate(
+                    this::triggerMaterialization,
+                    periodicMaterializeInitDelay,
+                    periodicMaterializeInterval,
+                    TimeUnit.MILLISECONDS);
+        }
+    }
+
+    @VisibleForTesting
+    public void triggerMaterialization() {
+        mailboxExecutor.execute(
+                () -> {
+                    // Only one materialization ongoing at a time
+                    if (!materializationOnGoing.compareAndSet(false, true)) {
+                        return;
+                    }

Review comment:
       That's a good point! I do not have a strong opinion on pause or 
trigger-immediately.
   
   WDYT?
   Maybe let's discuss this offline

##########
File path: 
flink-state-backends/flink-statebackend-changelog/src/main/java/org/apache/flink/state/changelog/materializer/PeriodicMaterializer.java
##########
@@ -0,0 +1,263 @@
+/*
+ * Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one
+ * or more contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file
+ * distributed with this work for additional information
+ * regarding copyright ownership.  The ASF licenses this file
+ * to you under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the
+ * "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance
+ * with the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+package org.apache.flink.state.changelog.materializer;
+
+import org.apache.flink.annotation.VisibleForTesting;
+import org.apache.flink.core.fs.FileSystemSafetyNet;
+import org.apache.flink.runtime.checkpoint.CheckpointOptions;
+import org.apache.flink.runtime.checkpoint.CheckpointType;
+import org.apache.flink.runtime.mailbox.MailboxExecutor;
+import org.apache.flink.runtime.state.CheckpointStorageLocationReference;
+import org.apache.flink.runtime.state.CheckpointStorageWorkerView;
+import org.apache.flink.runtime.state.CheckpointStreamFactory;
+import org.apache.flink.runtime.state.KeyedStateHandle;
+import org.apache.flink.runtime.state.SnapshotResult;
+import org.apache.flink.runtime.state.Snapshotable;
+import org.apache.flink.runtime.state.StateObject;
+import org.apache.flink.runtime.state.changelog.ChangelogStateHandle;
+import org.apache.flink.runtime.state.changelog.SequenceNumber;
+import org.apache.flink.runtime.state.changelog.StateChangelogWriter;
+import org.apache.flink.util.concurrent.ExecutorThreadFactory;
+import org.apache.flink.util.concurrent.FutureUtils;
+
+import org.slf4j.Logger;
+import org.slf4j.LoggerFactory;
+
+import javax.annotation.Nonnull;
+
+import java.util.ArrayList;
+import java.util.List;
+import java.util.concurrent.ExecutorService;
+import java.util.concurrent.Executors;
+import java.util.concurrent.RunnableFuture;
+import java.util.concurrent.ScheduledExecutorService;
+import java.util.concurrent.TimeUnit;
+import java.util.concurrent.atomic.AtomicBoolean;
+import java.util.concurrent.atomic.AtomicInteger;
+
+import static java.util.Collections.emptyList;
+import static java.util.Collections.singletonList;
+import static org.apache.flink.util.Preconditions.checkState;
+
+/** Periodically make materialization for the delegated state backend. */
+public class PeriodicMaterializer {
+    private static final Logger LOG = 
LoggerFactory.getLogger(PeriodicMaterializer.class);
+
+    /**
+     * ChangelogStateBackend only supports CheckpointType.CHECKPOINT; The rest 
of information in
+     * CheckpointOptions is not used in Snapshotable#snapshot(). More details 
in FLINK-23441.
+     */
+    private static final CheckpointOptions CHECKPOINT_OPTIONS =
+            new CheckpointOptions(
+                    CheckpointType.CHECKPOINT, 
CheckpointStorageLocationReference.getDefault());
+
+    /** task mailbox executor, execute from Task Thread. */
+    private final MailboxExecutor mailboxExecutor;
+
+    /** Async thread pool, to complete async phase of materialization. */
+    private final ExecutorService asyncOperationsThreadPool;
+
+    /** scheduled executor, periodically trigger materialization. */
+    private final ScheduledExecutorService periodicExecutor;
+
+    private final CheckpointStreamFactory streamFactory;
+
+    private final Snapshotable keyedStateBackend;
+
+    private final StateChangelogWriter<ChangelogStateHandle> 
stateChangelogWriter;
+
+    private final AsyncExceptionHandler asyncExceptionHandler;
+
+    private final int allowedNumberOfFailures;
+
+    /** Materialization failure retries. */
+    private final AtomicInteger retries;
+
+    /** Making sure only one materialization on going at a time. */
+    private final AtomicBoolean materializationOnGoing;
+
+    private long materializedId;
+
+    private MaterializedState materializedState;
+
+    public PeriodicMaterializer(
+            MailboxExecutor mailboxExecutor,
+            ExecutorService asyncOperationsThreadPool,
+            Snapshotable keyedStateBackend,
+            CheckpointStorageWorkerView checkpointStorageWorkerView,
+            StateChangelogWriter<ChangelogStateHandle> stateChangelogWriter,
+            AsyncExceptionHandler asyncExceptionHandler,
+            MaterializedState materializedState,
+            long periodicMaterializeInitDelay,
+            long periodicMaterializeInterval,
+            int allowedNumberOfFailures,
+            boolean materializationEnabled) {
+        this.mailboxExecutor = mailboxExecutor;
+        this.asyncOperationsThreadPool = asyncOperationsThreadPool;
+        this.keyedStateBackend = keyedStateBackend;
+        this.stateChangelogWriter = stateChangelogWriter;
+        this.asyncExceptionHandler = asyncExceptionHandler;
+        this.periodicExecutor =
+                Executors.newSingleThreadScheduledExecutor(
+                        new ExecutorThreadFactory("periodic-materialization"));
+        this.streamFactory = shared -> 
checkpointStorageWorkerView.createTaskOwnedStateStream();
+        this.allowedNumberOfFailures = allowedNumberOfFailures;
+        this.materializationOnGoing = new AtomicBoolean(false);
+        this.retries = new AtomicInteger(allowedNumberOfFailures);
+
+        this.materializedId = 0;
+        this.materializedState = materializedState;
+
+        if (materializationEnabled) {
+            this.periodicExecutor.scheduleAtFixedRate(
+                    this::triggerMaterialization,
+                    periodicMaterializeInitDelay,
+                    periodicMaterializeInterval,
+                    TimeUnit.MILLISECONDS);
+        }
+    }
+
+    @VisibleForTesting
+    public void triggerMaterialization() {
+        mailboxExecutor.execute(
+                () -> {
+                    // Only one materialization ongoing at a time
+                    if (!materializationOnGoing.compareAndSet(false, true)) {
+                        return;
+                    }
+
+                    SequenceNumber upTo = 
stateChangelogWriter.lastAppendedSequenceNumber().next();
+
+                    if (upTo.equals(materializedState.lastMaterializedTo())) {
+                        return;
+                    }
+
+                    RunnableFuture<SnapshotResult<KeyedStateHandle>> 
materializedRunnableFuture =
+                            keyedStateBackend.snapshot(

Review comment:
       Do you mean the sync phase? In the sync phase, if it fails, the task 
should fail?
   
   Or do we want to allow sync phase to fail as well? Can you give me an 
example that the sync phase fails but we should tolerate that?

##########
File path: 
flink-state-backends/flink-statebackend-changelog/src/main/java/org/apache/flink/state/changelog/materializer/PeriodicMaterializer.java
##########
@@ -0,0 +1,263 @@
+/*
+ * Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one
+ * or more contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file
+ * distributed with this work for additional information
+ * regarding copyright ownership.  The ASF licenses this file
+ * to you under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the
+ * "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance
+ * with the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+package org.apache.flink.state.changelog.materializer;
+
+import org.apache.flink.annotation.VisibleForTesting;
+import org.apache.flink.core.fs.FileSystemSafetyNet;
+import org.apache.flink.runtime.checkpoint.CheckpointOptions;
+import org.apache.flink.runtime.checkpoint.CheckpointType;
+import org.apache.flink.runtime.mailbox.MailboxExecutor;
+import org.apache.flink.runtime.state.CheckpointStorageLocationReference;
+import org.apache.flink.runtime.state.CheckpointStorageWorkerView;
+import org.apache.flink.runtime.state.CheckpointStreamFactory;
+import org.apache.flink.runtime.state.KeyedStateHandle;
+import org.apache.flink.runtime.state.SnapshotResult;
+import org.apache.flink.runtime.state.Snapshotable;
+import org.apache.flink.runtime.state.StateObject;
+import org.apache.flink.runtime.state.changelog.ChangelogStateHandle;
+import org.apache.flink.runtime.state.changelog.SequenceNumber;
+import org.apache.flink.runtime.state.changelog.StateChangelogWriter;
+import org.apache.flink.util.concurrent.ExecutorThreadFactory;
+import org.apache.flink.util.concurrent.FutureUtils;
+
+import org.slf4j.Logger;
+import org.slf4j.LoggerFactory;
+
+import javax.annotation.Nonnull;
+
+import java.util.ArrayList;
+import java.util.List;
+import java.util.concurrent.ExecutorService;
+import java.util.concurrent.Executors;
+import java.util.concurrent.RunnableFuture;
+import java.util.concurrent.ScheduledExecutorService;
+import java.util.concurrent.TimeUnit;
+import java.util.concurrent.atomic.AtomicBoolean;
+import java.util.concurrent.atomic.AtomicInteger;
+
+import static java.util.Collections.emptyList;
+import static java.util.Collections.singletonList;
+import static org.apache.flink.util.Preconditions.checkState;
+
+/** Periodically make materialization for the delegated state backend. */
+public class PeriodicMaterializer {
+    private static final Logger LOG = 
LoggerFactory.getLogger(PeriodicMaterializer.class);
+
+    /**
+     * ChangelogStateBackend only supports CheckpointType.CHECKPOINT; The rest 
of information in
+     * CheckpointOptions is not used in Snapshotable#snapshot(). More details 
in FLINK-23441.
+     */
+    private static final CheckpointOptions CHECKPOINT_OPTIONS =
+            new CheckpointOptions(
+                    CheckpointType.CHECKPOINT, 
CheckpointStorageLocationReference.getDefault());
+
+    /** task mailbox executor, execute from Task Thread. */
+    private final MailboxExecutor mailboxExecutor;
+
+    /** Async thread pool, to complete async phase of materialization. */
+    private final ExecutorService asyncOperationsThreadPool;
+
+    /** scheduled executor, periodically trigger materialization. */
+    private final ScheduledExecutorService periodicExecutor;
+
+    private final CheckpointStreamFactory streamFactory;
+
+    private final Snapshotable keyedStateBackend;
+
+    private final StateChangelogWriter<ChangelogStateHandle> 
stateChangelogWriter;
+
+    private final AsyncExceptionHandler asyncExceptionHandler;
+
+    private final int allowedNumberOfFailures;
+
+    /** Materialization failure retries. */
+    private final AtomicInteger retries;
+
+    /** Making sure only one materialization on going at a time. */
+    private final AtomicBoolean materializationOnGoing;
+
+    private long materializedId;
+
+    private MaterializedState materializedState;
+
+    public PeriodicMaterializer(
+            MailboxExecutor mailboxExecutor,
+            ExecutorService asyncOperationsThreadPool,
+            Snapshotable keyedStateBackend,
+            CheckpointStorageWorkerView checkpointStorageWorkerView,
+            StateChangelogWriter<ChangelogStateHandle> stateChangelogWriter,
+            AsyncExceptionHandler asyncExceptionHandler,
+            MaterializedState materializedState,
+            long periodicMaterializeInitDelay,
+            long periodicMaterializeInterval,
+            int allowedNumberOfFailures,
+            boolean materializationEnabled) {
+        this.mailboxExecutor = mailboxExecutor;
+        this.asyncOperationsThreadPool = asyncOperationsThreadPool;
+        this.keyedStateBackend = keyedStateBackend;
+        this.stateChangelogWriter = stateChangelogWriter;
+        this.asyncExceptionHandler = asyncExceptionHandler;
+        this.periodicExecutor =
+                Executors.newSingleThreadScheduledExecutor(
+                        new ExecutorThreadFactory("periodic-materialization"));
+        this.streamFactory = shared -> 
checkpointStorageWorkerView.createTaskOwnedStateStream();
+        this.allowedNumberOfFailures = allowedNumberOfFailures;
+        this.materializationOnGoing = new AtomicBoolean(false);
+        this.retries = new AtomicInteger(allowedNumberOfFailures);
+
+        this.materializedId = 0;
+        this.materializedState = materializedState;
+
+        if (materializationEnabled) {
+            this.periodicExecutor.scheduleAtFixedRate(
+                    this::triggerMaterialization,
+                    periodicMaterializeInitDelay,
+                    periodicMaterializeInterval,
+                    TimeUnit.MILLISECONDS);
+        }
+    }
+
+    @VisibleForTesting
+    public void triggerMaterialization() {
+        mailboxExecutor.execute(
+                () -> {
+                    // Only one materialization ongoing at a time
+                    if (!materializationOnGoing.compareAndSet(false, true)) {
+                        return;
+                    }
+
+                    SequenceNumber upTo = 
stateChangelogWriter.lastAppendedSequenceNumber().next();
+
+                    if (upTo.equals(materializedState.lastMaterializedTo())) {
+                        return;
+                    }
+
+                    RunnableFuture<SnapshotResult<KeyedStateHandle>> 
materializedRunnableFuture =
+                            keyedStateBackend.snapshot(
+                                    materializedId++, // TO DISCUSS: seems 
this does not matter,
+                                    // based on
+                                    System.currentTimeMillis(),
+                                    streamFactory,
+                                    CHECKPOINT_OPTIONS);
+
+                    // TODO: add metadata to log FLINK-23170
+                    asyncOperationsThreadPool.execute(
+                            () -> 
asyncMaterialization(materializedRunnableFuture, upTo));
+                },
+                "materialization");
+    }
+
+    private void asyncMaterialization(
+            RunnableFuture<SnapshotResult<KeyedStateHandle>> 
materializedRunnableFuture,
+            SequenceNumber upTo) {
+
+        FileSystemSafetyNet.initializeSafetyNetForThread();
+        try {
+            FutureUtils.runIfNotDoneAndGet(materializedRunnableFuture);
+            mailboxExecutor.execute(
+                    () -> {
+                        materializedState =
+                                new MaterializedState(
+                                        
getMaterializedResult(materializedRunnableFuture.get()),
+                                        new ArrayList<>(),
+                                        upTo);
+
+                        checkState(
+                                materializationOnGoing.compareAndSet(true, 
false),
+                                "expect to finish materialization 
successfully, "
+                                        + "flag materializationOnGoing should 
be true before finishing.");
+                        retries.set(0);
+                    },
+                    "update materializedSnapshot up to changelog sequence 
number: {}",
+                    upTo);
+        } catch (Exception e) {
+            int retryTime = retries.incrementAndGet();
+
+            LOG.info(
+                    "Asynchronous part of materialization could not be 
completed for the {} time.",
+                    retryTime,
+                    e);
+
+            // ToDO: Double check
+            //  how the async phase is related to materialized state tracking
+            //  refer to AsyncCheckpointRunnable#run#catch
+            //  cleanup logic in StateUtil#discardStateFuture
+            handleExecutionException(materializedRunnableFuture);
+
+            if (retryTime == allowedNumberOfFailures) {
+                asyncExceptionHandler.handleAsyncException(
+                        "Fail to complete the asynchronous part of 
materialization", e);
+            }

Review comment:
       >=; done!
   
   what do you mean by `asyncExceptionHandler` consistent behavior? why should 
we reset to 0 if we want to fail reaching max retry number?
   
   Why do I have to check the max number before materialization (sync phase I 
guess you mean) before it fails? Doesn't it can bump up only if a failure 
happens?

##########
File path: 
flink-state-backends/flink-statebackend-changelog/src/main/java/org/apache/flink/state/changelog/materializer/PeriodicMaterializer.java
##########
@@ -0,0 +1,263 @@
+/*
+ * Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one
+ * or more contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file
+ * distributed with this work for additional information
+ * regarding copyright ownership.  The ASF licenses this file
+ * to you under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the
+ * "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance
+ * with the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+package org.apache.flink.state.changelog.materializer;
+
+import org.apache.flink.annotation.VisibleForTesting;
+import org.apache.flink.core.fs.FileSystemSafetyNet;
+import org.apache.flink.runtime.checkpoint.CheckpointOptions;
+import org.apache.flink.runtime.checkpoint.CheckpointType;
+import org.apache.flink.runtime.mailbox.MailboxExecutor;
+import org.apache.flink.runtime.state.CheckpointStorageLocationReference;
+import org.apache.flink.runtime.state.CheckpointStorageWorkerView;
+import org.apache.flink.runtime.state.CheckpointStreamFactory;
+import org.apache.flink.runtime.state.KeyedStateHandle;
+import org.apache.flink.runtime.state.SnapshotResult;
+import org.apache.flink.runtime.state.Snapshotable;
+import org.apache.flink.runtime.state.StateObject;
+import org.apache.flink.runtime.state.changelog.ChangelogStateHandle;
+import org.apache.flink.runtime.state.changelog.SequenceNumber;
+import org.apache.flink.runtime.state.changelog.StateChangelogWriter;
+import org.apache.flink.util.concurrent.ExecutorThreadFactory;
+import org.apache.flink.util.concurrent.FutureUtils;
+
+import org.slf4j.Logger;
+import org.slf4j.LoggerFactory;
+
+import javax.annotation.Nonnull;
+
+import java.util.ArrayList;
+import java.util.List;
+import java.util.concurrent.ExecutorService;
+import java.util.concurrent.Executors;
+import java.util.concurrent.RunnableFuture;
+import java.util.concurrent.ScheduledExecutorService;
+import java.util.concurrent.TimeUnit;
+import java.util.concurrent.atomic.AtomicBoolean;
+import java.util.concurrent.atomic.AtomicInteger;
+
+import static java.util.Collections.emptyList;
+import static java.util.Collections.singletonList;
+import static org.apache.flink.util.Preconditions.checkState;
+
+/** Periodically make materialization for the delegated state backend. */
+public class PeriodicMaterializer {
+    private static final Logger LOG = 
LoggerFactory.getLogger(PeriodicMaterializer.class);
+
+    /**
+     * ChangelogStateBackend only supports CheckpointType.CHECKPOINT; The rest 
of information in
+     * CheckpointOptions is not used in Snapshotable#snapshot(). More details 
in FLINK-23441.
+     */
+    private static final CheckpointOptions CHECKPOINT_OPTIONS =
+            new CheckpointOptions(
+                    CheckpointType.CHECKPOINT, 
CheckpointStorageLocationReference.getDefault());
+
+    /** task mailbox executor, execute from Task Thread. */
+    private final MailboxExecutor mailboxExecutor;
+
+    /** Async thread pool, to complete async phase of materialization. */
+    private final ExecutorService asyncOperationsThreadPool;
+
+    /** scheduled executor, periodically trigger materialization. */
+    private final ScheduledExecutorService periodicExecutor;
+
+    private final CheckpointStreamFactory streamFactory;
+
+    private final Snapshotable keyedStateBackend;
+
+    private final StateChangelogWriter<ChangelogStateHandle> 
stateChangelogWriter;
+
+    private final AsyncExceptionHandler asyncExceptionHandler;
+
+    private final int allowedNumberOfFailures;
+
+    /** Materialization failure retries. */
+    private final AtomicInteger retries;
+
+    /** Making sure only one materialization on going at a time. */
+    private final AtomicBoolean materializationOnGoing;

Review comment:
       Let's keep it for now (I think it may also be changed later, if we want 
to trigger on completion or use pause). Let me refine this after making the 
final decision.

##########
File path: 
flink-state-backends/flink-statebackend-changelog/src/main/java/org/apache/flink/state/changelog/materializer/PeriodicMaterializer.java
##########
@@ -0,0 +1,263 @@
+/*
+ * Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one
+ * or more contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file
+ * distributed with this work for additional information
+ * regarding copyright ownership.  The ASF licenses this file
+ * to you under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the
+ * "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance
+ * with the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+package org.apache.flink.state.changelog.materializer;
+
+import org.apache.flink.annotation.VisibleForTesting;
+import org.apache.flink.core.fs.FileSystemSafetyNet;
+import org.apache.flink.runtime.checkpoint.CheckpointOptions;
+import org.apache.flink.runtime.checkpoint.CheckpointType;
+import org.apache.flink.runtime.mailbox.MailboxExecutor;
+import org.apache.flink.runtime.state.CheckpointStorageLocationReference;
+import org.apache.flink.runtime.state.CheckpointStorageWorkerView;
+import org.apache.flink.runtime.state.CheckpointStreamFactory;
+import org.apache.flink.runtime.state.KeyedStateHandle;
+import org.apache.flink.runtime.state.SnapshotResult;
+import org.apache.flink.runtime.state.Snapshotable;
+import org.apache.flink.runtime.state.StateObject;
+import org.apache.flink.runtime.state.changelog.ChangelogStateHandle;
+import org.apache.flink.runtime.state.changelog.SequenceNumber;
+import org.apache.flink.runtime.state.changelog.StateChangelogWriter;
+import org.apache.flink.util.concurrent.ExecutorThreadFactory;
+import org.apache.flink.util.concurrent.FutureUtils;
+
+import org.slf4j.Logger;
+import org.slf4j.LoggerFactory;
+
+import javax.annotation.Nonnull;
+
+import java.util.ArrayList;
+import java.util.List;
+import java.util.concurrent.ExecutorService;
+import java.util.concurrent.Executors;
+import java.util.concurrent.RunnableFuture;
+import java.util.concurrent.ScheduledExecutorService;
+import java.util.concurrent.TimeUnit;
+import java.util.concurrent.atomic.AtomicBoolean;
+import java.util.concurrent.atomic.AtomicInteger;
+
+import static java.util.Collections.emptyList;
+import static java.util.Collections.singletonList;
+import static org.apache.flink.util.Preconditions.checkState;
+
+/** Periodically make materialization for the delegated state backend. */
+public class PeriodicMaterializer {
+    private static final Logger LOG = 
LoggerFactory.getLogger(PeriodicMaterializer.class);
+
+    /**
+     * ChangelogStateBackend only supports CheckpointType.CHECKPOINT; The rest 
of information in
+     * CheckpointOptions is not used in Snapshotable#snapshot(). More details 
in FLINK-23441.
+     */
+    private static final CheckpointOptions CHECKPOINT_OPTIONS =
+            new CheckpointOptions(
+                    CheckpointType.CHECKPOINT, 
CheckpointStorageLocationReference.getDefault());
+
+    /** task mailbox executor, execute from Task Thread. */
+    private final MailboxExecutor mailboxExecutor;
+
+    /** Async thread pool, to complete async phase of materialization. */
+    private final ExecutorService asyncOperationsThreadPool;
+
+    /** scheduled executor, periodically trigger materialization. */
+    private final ScheduledExecutorService periodicExecutor;
+
+    private final CheckpointStreamFactory streamFactory;
+
+    private final Snapshotable keyedStateBackend;
+
+    private final StateChangelogWriter<ChangelogStateHandle> 
stateChangelogWriter;
+
+    private final AsyncExceptionHandler asyncExceptionHandler;
+
+    private final int allowedNumberOfFailures;
+
+    /** Materialization failure retries. */
+    private final AtomicInteger retries;
+
+    /** Making sure only one materialization on going at a time. */
+    private final AtomicBoolean materializationOnGoing;
+
+    private long materializedId;
+
+    private MaterializedState materializedState;
+
+    public PeriodicMaterializer(
+            MailboxExecutor mailboxExecutor,
+            ExecutorService asyncOperationsThreadPool,
+            Snapshotable keyedStateBackend,
+            CheckpointStorageWorkerView checkpointStorageWorkerView,
+            StateChangelogWriter<ChangelogStateHandle> stateChangelogWriter,
+            AsyncExceptionHandler asyncExceptionHandler,
+            MaterializedState materializedState,
+            long periodicMaterializeInitDelay,
+            long periodicMaterializeInterval,
+            int allowedNumberOfFailures,
+            boolean materializationEnabled) {
+        this.mailboxExecutor = mailboxExecutor;
+        this.asyncOperationsThreadPool = asyncOperationsThreadPool;
+        this.keyedStateBackend = keyedStateBackend;
+        this.stateChangelogWriter = stateChangelogWriter;
+        this.asyncExceptionHandler = asyncExceptionHandler;
+        this.periodicExecutor =
+                Executors.newSingleThreadScheduledExecutor(
+                        new ExecutorThreadFactory("periodic-materialization"));
+        this.streamFactory = shared -> 
checkpointStorageWorkerView.createTaskOwnedStateStream();
+        this.allowedNumberOfFailures = allowedNumberOfFailures;
+        this.materializationOnGoing = new AtomicBoolean(false);
+        this.retries = new AtomicInteger(allowedNumberOfFailures);
+
+        this.materializedId = 0;
+        this.materializedState = materializedState;
+
+        if (materializationEnabled) {
+            this.periodicExecutor.scheduleAtFixedRate(
+                    this::triggerMaterialization,
+                    periodicMaterializeInitDelay,
+                    periodicMaterializeInterval,
+                    TimeUnit.MILLISECONDS);
+        }
+    }
+
+    @VisibleForTesting
+    public void triggerMaterialization() {
+        mailboxExecutor.execute(
+                () -> {
+                    // Only one materialization ongoing at a time
+                    if (!materializationOnGoing.compareAndSet(false, true)) {
+                        return;
+                    }
+
+                    SequenceNumber upTo = 
stateChangelogWriter.lastAppendedSequenceNumber().next();
+
+                    if (upTo.equals(materializedState.lastMaterializedTo())) {
+                        return;
+                    }

Review comment:
       you are right!




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