fsk119 commented on code in PR #21504:
URL: https://github.com/apache/flink/pull/21504#discussion_r1057674344


##########
flink-table/flink-table-planner/src/test/scala/org/apache/flink/table/api/TableEnvironmentTest.scala:
##########
@@ -607,6 +607,195 @@ class TableEnvironmentTest {
     checkData(expectedResult.iterator(), tableResult.collect())
   }
 
+  @Test
+  def testAlterTableModifyColumn(): Unit = {
+    val statement =

Review Comment:
   nit: These negative cases is much same in the `table.q`. I think we can keep 
one...



##########
flink-table/flink-table-planner/src/main/java/org/apache/flink/table/planner/operations/AlterSchemaConverter.java:
##########
@@ -417,6 +422,92 @@ void checkColumnExists(String columnName) {
         }
     }
 
+    private static class ModifySchemaConverter extends SchemaConverter {
+
+        ModifySchemaConverter(
+                Schema originalSchema,
+                FlinkTypeFactory typeFactory,
+                SqlValidator sqlValidator,
+                Consumer<SqlTableConstraint> constraintValidator,
+                Function<SqlNode, String> escapeExpressions,
+                SchemaResolver schemaResolver) {
+            super(
+                    originalSchema,
+                    typeFactory,
+                    sqlValidator,
+                    constraintValidator,
+                    escapeExpressions,
+                    schemaResolver);
+        }
+
+        @Override
+        void checkColumnExists(String columnName) {
+            if (!sortedColumnNames.contains(columnName)) {
+                throw new ValidationException(
+                        String.format(
+                                "%sTry to modify a column `%s` which does not 
exist in the table.",
+                                EX_MSG_PREFIX, columnName));
+            }
+        }
+
+        @Override
+        void checkPrimaryKeyExists() {
+            if (primaryKey == null) {
+                throw new ValidationException(
+                        String.format(
+                                "%sThe base table does not define any primary 
key constraint. You might "
+                                        + "want to add a new one.",
+                                EX_MSG_PREFIX));
+            }
+        }
+
+        @Override
+        void checkWatermarkExists() {
+            if (watermarkSpec == null) {
+                throw new ValidationException(
+                        String.format(
+                                "%sThe base table does not define any 
watermark. You might "
+                                        + "want to add a new one.",
+                                EX_MSG_PREFIX));
+            }
+        }
+
+        @Override
+        Optional<Integer> getColumnPosition(SqlTableColumnPosition 
columnPosition) {
+            if (columnPosition.isFirstColumn() || 
columnPosition.isAfterReferencedColumn()) {
+                
sortedColumnNames.remove(columnPosition.getColumn().getName().getSimple());
+                return super.getColumnPosition(columnPosition);
+            }
+            return Optional.empty();
+        }
+
+        @Override
+        Schema.UnresolvedPhysicalColumn convertPhysicalColumn(
+                SqlTableColumn.SqlRegularColumn physicalColumn) {
+            Schema.UnresolvedPhysicalColumn newColumn = 
super.convertPhysicalColumn(physicalColumn);
+            String columnName = newColumn.getName();
+            // preserves the primary key's nullability
+            if (primaryKey != null && 
primaryKey.getColumnNames().contains(columnName)) {
+                newColumn =
+                        new Schema.UnresolvedPhysicalColumn(
+                                columnName,
+                                newColumn.getDataType().notNull(),
+                                newColumn.getComment().orElse(null));
+            }

Review Comment:
   Why not mark the column is not null when building the final schema with the 
final pk?



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