Mate Czagany created FLINK-40959:
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             Summary: Batch sort can emit unsorted rows if comparator 
implementation is long enough to be split
                 Key: FLINK-40959
                 URL: https://issues.apache.org/jira/browse/FLINK-40959
             Project: Flink
          Issue Type: Bug
          Components: Table SQL / Runtime
    Affects Versions: 2.1.3, 1.20.5, 2.2.1, 2.3.0, 2.4.0
            Reporter: Mate Czagany


h2. Conditions:
 * Async merge is enabled (table.exec.sort.async-merge-enabled)
 * Intermediate merge happens while input is being sorted (At least 
table.exec.sort.max-num-file-handles spill files before the input endsĀ 
 * Generated RecordComparator method is longer than 
table.generated-code.max-length. With the default of 4,000 it means about 6-7 
fields, especially if they are nullable as those generate null-check blocks

h2. Root cause:
 * A single RecordComparator will be used by all the steps (sort, spill, merge) 
of BinaryExternalSorter.
 ** SortingThread uses it via QuickSort
 ** MergingThread uses it for intermediate merges
 ** SpillingThread uses it for the in-memory-merge path
 * With async merge enabled, these threads will call compare() at the same time
 * Code splitting makes the generated comparator impl stateful
 ** It will move the local variables from the compare() method to member fields
 ** This can be written and read by the different threads at any time

h2. Fix:

Make BinaryExternalSorter accept a Supplier<RecordComparator> instead of a 
RecordComparator and create two separate instances:
 * one for SortingThread
 * one for MergingThread and SpillingThread, as these would never call the 
compare() method at the same time



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