Basic client pushback mechanism
-------------------------------

                 Key: HBASE-5162
                 URL: https://issues.apache.org/jira/browse/HBASE-5162
             Project: HBase
          Issue Type: New Feature
    Affects Versions: 0.92.0
            Reporter: Jean-Daniel Cryans
             Fix For: 0.94.0


The current blocking we do when we are close to some limits (memstores over the 
multiplier factor, too many store files, global memstore memory) is bad, too 
coarse and confusing. After hitting HBASE-5161, it really becomes obvious that 
we need something better.

I did a little brainstorm with Stack, we came up quickly with two solutions:

 - Send some exception to the client, like OverloadedException, that's thrown 
when some situation happens like getting past the low memory barrier. It would 
be thrown when the client gets a handler and does some check while putting or 
deleting. The client would treat this a retryable exception but ideally 
wouldn't check .META. for a new location. It could be fancy and have multiple 
levels of pushback, like send the exception to 25% of the clients, and then go 
up if the situation persists. Should be "easy" to implement but we'll be using 
a lot more IO to send the payload over and over again (but at least it wouldn't 
sit in the RS's memory).
 - Send a message alongside a successful put or delete to tell the client to 
slow down a little, this way we don't have to do back and forth with the 
payload between the client and the server. It's a cleaner (I think) but more 
involved solution.

In every case the RS should do very obvious things to notify the operators of 
this situation, through logs, web UI, metrics, etc.

Other ideas?

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