amogh-jahagirdar commented on code in PR #12774:
URL: https://github.com/apache/iceberg/pull/12774#discussion_r2440744790


##########
core/src/main/java/org/apache/iceberg/formats/FormatModelRegistry.java:
##########
@@ -0,0 +1,241 @@
+/*
+ * Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one
+ * or more contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file
+ * distributed with this work for additional information
+ * regarding copyright ownership.  The ASF licenses this file
+ * to you under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the
+ * "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance
+ * with the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *   http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing,
+ * software distributed under the License is distributed on an
+ * "AS IS" BASIS, WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY
+ * KIND, either express or implied.  See the License for the
+ * specific language governing permissions and limitations
+ * under the License.
+ */
+package org.apache.iceberg.formats;
+
+import java.util.List;
+import java.util.Map;
+import java.util.Objects;
+import org.apache.iceberg.DataFile;
+import org.apache.iceberg.DeleteFile;
+import org.apache.iceberg.FileContent;
+import org.apache.iceberg.FileFormat;
+import org.apache.iceberg.common.DynMethods;
+import org.apache.iceberg.deletes.EqualityDeleteWriter;
+import org.apache.iceberg.deletes.PositionDelete;
+import org.apache.iceberg.deletes.PositionDeleteWriter;
+import org.apache.iceberg.encryption.EncryptedOutputFile;
+import org.apache.iceberg.io.DataWriter;
+import org.apache.iceberg.io.InputFile;
+import 
org.apache.iceberg.relocated.com.google.common.annotations.VisibleForTesting;
+import org.apache.iceberg.relocated.com.google.common.base.Preconditions;
+import org.apache.iceberg.relocated.com.google.common.collect.ImmutableList;
+import org.apache.iceberg.relocated.com.google.common.collect.Maps;
+import org.apache.iceberg.util.Pair;
+import org.slf4j.Logger;
+import org.slf4j.LoggerFactory;
+
+/**
+ * A registry that manages file-format-specific readers and writers through a 
unified object model
+ * factory interface.
+ *
+ * <p>This registry provides access to {@link ReadBuilder}s for data 
consumption and various writer
+ * builders:
+ *
+ * <ul>
+ *   <li>{@link WriteBuilder} for basic file writing,
+ *   <li>{@link DataWriteBuilder} for data files,
+ *   <li>{@link EqualityDeleteWriteBuilder} for equality deletes,
+ *   <li>{@link PositionDeleteWriteBuilder} for position deletes.
+ * </ul>
+ *
+ * The appropriate builder is selected based on {@link FileFormat} and object 
model name.
+ *
+ * <p>{@link FormatModel} objects are registered through {@link 
#register(FormatModel)} and used for
+ * creating readers and writers. Read builders are returned directly from the 
factory. Write
+ * builders may be wrapped in specialized content file writer implementations 
depending on the
+ * requested builder type.
+ */
+public final class FormatModelRegistry {
+  private static final Logger LOG = 
LoggerFactory.getLogger(FormatModelRegistry.class);
+  // The list of classes which are used for registering the reader and writer 
builders
+  private static final List<String> CLASSES_TO_REGISTER = ImmutableList.of();
+
+  private static final Map<Pair<FileFormat, Class<?>>, FormatModel<?, ?>> 
MODELS =
+      Maps.newConcurrentMap();
+
+  private FormatModelRegistry() {}
+
+  /**
+   * Registers an {@link FormatModel} in this registry.
+   *
+   * <p>The {@link FormatModel} creates readers and writers for a specific 
combinations of file
+   * format (Parquet, ORC, Avro) and object model (for example: "generic", 
"spark", "flink", etc.).
+   * Registering custom factories allows integration of new data processing 
engines for the
+   * supported file formats with Iceberg's file access mechanisms.
+   *
+   * <p>Each factory must be uniquely identified by its combination of file 
format and object model
+   * name. This uniqueness constraint prevents ambiguity when selecting 
factories for read and write
+   * operations.
+   *
+   * @param formatModel the factory implementation to register
+   * @throws IllegalArgumentException if a factory is already registered for 
the combination of
+   *     {@link FormatModel#format()} and {@link FormatModel#type()}
+   */
+  public static void register(FormatModel<?, ?> formatModel) {
+    Pair<FileFormat, Class<?>> key = Pair.of(formatModel.format(), 
formatModel.type());
+
+    FormatModel<?, ?> existing = MODELS.get(key);
+    Preconditions.checkArgument(
+        existing == null || checkFormatModelEquals(existing, formatModel),
+        "Cannot register %s: %s is registered for format=%s type=%s 
schemaType=%s",
+        formatModel.getClass(),
+        existing == null ? null : existing.getClass(),
+        key.first(),
+        key.second(),
+        existing == null ? null : existing.schemaType());
+
+    MODELS.put(key, formatModel);
+  }
+
+  private static boolean checkFormatModelEquals(

Review Comment:
   `isSameFormatModel(FileFormat<?, ?> first, FormatModel<?, ?> second)`



##########
core/src/main/java/org/apache/iceberg/formats/ReadBuilder.java:
##########
@@ -0,0 +1,118 @@
+/*
+ * Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one
+ * or more contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file
+ * distributed with this work for additional information
+ * regarding copyright ownership.  The ASF licenses this file
+ * to you under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the
+ * "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance
+ * with the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *   http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing,
+ * software distributed under the License is distributed on an
+ * "AS IS" BASIS, WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY
+ * KIND, either express or implied.  See the License for the
+ * specific language governing permissions and limitations
+ * under the License.
+ */
+package org.apache.iceberg.formats;
+
+import java.nio.ByteBuffer;
+import java.util.Map;
+import org.apache.iceberg.Schema;
+import org.apache.iceberg.expressions.Expression;
+import org.apache.iceberg.io.CloseableIterable;
+import org.apache.iceberg.mapping.NameMapping;
+
+/**
+ * Builder interface for creating file readers across supported data file 
formats. The {@link
+ * FormatModel} implementations provides appropriate {@link ReadBuilder} 
instances
+ *
+ * <p>The {@link ReadBuilder} follows the builder pattern to configure and 
create {@link
+ * CloseableIterable} instances that read data from source files. 
Configuration options include
+ * schema projection, predicate filtering, record batching, and encryption 
settings.
+ *
+ * <p>This interface is directly exposed to users for parameterizing readers.
+ */
+public interface ReadBuilder {
+  /**
+   * Restricts the read to the given range: [start, start + length).
+   *
+   * @param newStart the start position for this read
+   * @param newLength the length of the range this read should scan
+   */
+  ReadBuilder split(long newStart, long newLength);
+
+  /** Set the projection schema. */
+  ReadBuilder project(Schema schema);
+
+  /** Sets the expected output schema. If not provided derived from the {@link 
#project(Schema)}. */
+  default ReadBuilder outputSchema(Object schema) {
+    throw new UnsupportedOperationException("Not implemented yet");
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Configures whether filtering should be case-sensitive. If the reader 
supports filtering, it
+   * must respect this setting.
+   *
+   * @param caseSensitive indicates if filtering is case-sensitive
+   */
+  ReadBuilder caseSensitive(boolean caseSensitive);
+
+  /**
+   * Pushes down the {@link Expression} filter for the reader to prevent 
reading unnecessary
+   * records. Some readers might not be able to filter some part of the 
exception. In this case the
+   * reader might return unfiltered or partially filtered rows. It is the 
caller's responsibility to
+   * apply the filter again. The default implementation sets the filter to be 
case-sensitive.
+   *
+   * @param filter the filter to set
+   */
+  ReadBuilder filter(Expression filter);
+
+  /**
+   * Sets configuration key/value pairs for the reader. Reader builders should 
ignore configuration
+   * keys not known for them.
+   */
+  ReadBuilder set(String key, String value);
+
+  /**
+   * Sets multiple configuration key/value pairs for the reader. Reader 
builders should ignore
+   * configuration keys not known for them.
+   */
+  default ReadBuilder setAll(Map<String, String> properties) {
+    properties.forEach(this::set);
+    return this;
+  }
+
+  /** Enables reusing the containers returned by the reader. Decreases 
pressure on GC. */
+  ReadBuilder reuseContainers();
+
+  /** Sets the batch size for vectorized readers. */
+  ReadBuilder recordsPerBatch(int numRowsPerBatch);

Review Comment:
   This is another one where I know that's on the current ReadBuilder API but I 
wonder if it makes sense to  rename to be a more concise `batchSize` API? 



##########
core/src/main/java/org/apache/iceberg/formats/ReadBuilder.java:
##########
@@ -0,0 +1,118 @@
+/*
+ * Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one
+ * or more contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file
+ * distributed with this work for additional information
+ * regarding copyright ownership.  The ASF licenses this file
+ * to you under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the
+ * "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance
+ * with the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *   http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing,
+ * software distributed under the License is distributed on an
+ * "AS IS" BASIS, WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY
+ * KIND, either express or implied.  See the License for the
+ * specific language governing permissions and limitations
+ * under the License.
+ */
+package org.apache.iceberg.formats;
+
+import java.nio.ByteBuffer;
+import java.util.Map;
+import org.apache.iceberg.Schema;
+import org.apache.iceberg.expressions.Expression;
+import org.apache.iceberg.io.CloseableIterable;
+import org.apache.iceberg.mapping.NameMapping;
+
+/**
+ * Builder interface for creating file readers across supported data file 
formats. The {@link
+ * FormatModel} implementations provides appropriate {@link ReadBuilder} 
instances
+ *
+ * <p>The {@link ReadBuilder} follows the builder pattern to configure and 
create {@link
+ * CloseableIterable} instances that read data from source files. 
Configuration options include
+ * schema projection, predicate filtering, record batching, and encryption 
settings.
+ *
+ * <p>This interface is directly exposed to users for parameterizing readers.
+ */
+public interface ReadBuilder {
+  /**
+   * Restricts the read to the given range: [start, start + length).
+   *
+   * @param newStart the start position for this read
+   * @param newLength the length of the range this read should scan
+   */
+  ReadBuilder split(long newStart, long newLength);

Review Comment:
   `(long start, long length)`? Don't think we need the new prefix
   
   Also minor point, but why not call this `range` ? I'm guessing this was just 
based off the current `ReadBuilder` but with the new interface we don't 
necessarily need to stick to that.
   
   



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