nastra commented on code in PR #14161:
URL: https://github.com/apache/iceberg/pull/14161#discussion_r2523634298


##########
aws/src/main/java/org/apache/iceberg/aws/ManagedHttpClientRegistry.java:
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@@ -0,0 +1,201 @@
+/*
+ * Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one
+ * or more contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file
+ * distributed with this work for additional information
+ * regarding copyright ownership.  The ASF licenses this file
+ * to you under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the
+ * "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance
+ * with the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *   http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing,
+ * software distributed under the License is distributed on an
+ * "AS IS" BASIS, WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY
+ * KIND, either express or implied.  See the License for the
+ * specific language governing permissions and limitations
+ * under the License.
+ */
+package org.apache.iceberg.aws;
+
+import java.util.concurrent.ConcurrentMap;
+import java.util.concurrent.atomic.AtomicInteger;
+import java.util.function.Supplier;
+import 
org.apache.iceberg.relocated.com.google.common.annotations.VisibleForTesting;
+import org.apache.iceberg.relocated.com.google.common.collect.Maps;
+import org.slf4j.Logger;
+import org.slf4j.LoggerFactory;
+import software.amazon.awssdk.http.SdkHttpClient;
+
+/**
+ * A registry that manages the lifecycle of shared HTTP clients for AWS SDK v2 
using reference
+ * counting.
+ */
+public final class ManagedHttpClientRegistry {
+  private static final Logger LOG = 
LoggerFactory.getLogger(ManagedHttpClientRegistry.class);
+
+  private final ConcurrentMap<String, ManagedHttpClient> clientMap;
+
+  private static volatile ManagedHttpClientRegistry instance;
+
+  public static ManagedHttpClientRegistry getInstance() {
+    if (instance == null) {
+      synchronized (ManagedHttpClientRegistry.class) {
+        if (instance == null) {
+          instance = new ManagedHttpClientRegistry();
+        }
+      }
+    }
+    return instance;
+  }
+
+  private ManagedHttpClientRegistry() {
+    this.clientMap = Maps.newConcurrentMap();
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Get or create a managed HTTP client for the given configuration. Each 
call increments the
+   * reference count for the client and returns a ref-counted wrapper.
+   *
+   * @param clientKey unique key identifying the client configuration
+   * @param clientFactory factory to create the HTTP client if not cached
+   * @return a ref-counted HTTP client wrapper
+   */
+  public SdkHttpClient getOrCreateClient(String clientKey, 
Supplier<SdkHttpClient> clientFactory) {
+    ManagedHttpClient managedClient =
+        clientMap.computeIfAbsent(
+            clientKey,
+            k -> {
+              LOG.debug("Creating new managed HTTP client for key: {}", k);
+              SdkHttpClient httpClient = clientFactory.get();
+              return new ManagedHttpClient(httpClient, k);
+            });
+    // Return the cached ref-counted wrapper
+    return managedClient.acquire();
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Release a reference to the HTTP client. When the reference count reaches 
zero, the client is
+   * closed and removed from the registry.
+   *
+   * @param clientKey the key identifying the client to release
+   */
+  public void releaseClient(String clientKey) {
+    ManagedHttpClient managedClient = clientMap.get(clientKey);
+    if (managedClient != null) {
+      if (managedClient.release()) {
+        // Client was closed, remove from map
+        clientMap.remove(clientKey, managedClient);
+      }
+    }
+  }
+
+  @VisibleForTesting
+  ConcurrentMap<String, ManagedHttpClient> clientMap() {
+    return clientMap;
+  }
+
+  @VisibleForTesting
+  void shutdown() {
+    clientMap.values().forEach(ManagedHttpClient::forceClose);
+    clientMap.clear();
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Managed HTTP client wrapper that provides reference counting for 
lifecycle management. The HTTP
+   * client is closed when the reference count reaches zero.
+   */
+  static class ManagedHttpClient {
+    private final SdkHttpClient httpClient;
+    private final String clientKey;
+    private final AtomicInteger refCount = new AtomicInteger(0);
+    private volatile boolean closed = false;
+    private volatile WrappedSdkHttpClient wrapper;
+
+    ManagedHttpClient(SdkHttpClient httpClient, String clientKey) {
+      this.httpClient = httpClient;
+      this.clientKey = clientKey;
+      this.wrapper = new WrappedSdkHttpClient(httpClient, clientKey);
+      LOG.debug("Created managed HTTP client: key={}", clientKey);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Acquire a reference to the HTTP client, incrementing the reference 
count.
+     *
+     * @return the ref-counted wrapper client
+     * @throws IllegalStateException if the client has already been closed
+     */
+    WrappedSdkHttpClient acquire() {
+      if (closed) {
+        throw new IllegalStateException("Cannot acquire closed HTTP client: " 
+ clientKey);
+      }
+      int count = refCount.incrementAndGet();
+      LOG.debug("Acquired HTTP client: key={}, refCount={}", clientKey, count);
+      return wrapper;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Release a reference to the HTTP client, decrementing the reference 
count. If the count
+     * reaches zero, the client is closed.
+     *
+     * @return true if the client was closed, false otherwise
+     */
+    boolean release() {
+      if (closed) {
+        LOG.warn("Attempted to release already closed HTTP client: key={}", 
clientKey);
+        return false;
+      }
+
+      int count = refCount.decrementAndGet();
+      LOG.debug("Released HTTP client: key={}, refCount={}", clientKey, count);
+      if (count == 0) {
+        return close();
+      } else if (count < 0) {
+        LOG.error(
+            "HTTP client reference count went negative despite closed check: 
key={}, refCount={}",
+            clientKey,
+            count);
+        refCount.set(0); // Reset to prevent further corruption
+      }
+      return false;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Close the HTTP client if not already closed.
+     *
+     * @return true if the client was closed by this call, false if already 
closed
+     */
+    private boolean close() {
+      if (!closed) {
+        synchronized (this) {
+          if (!closed) {
+            closed = true;
+            LOG.debug("Closing HTTP client: key={}", clientKey);
+            try {
+              httpClient.close();
+              return true;
+            } catch (Exception e) {
+              LOG.warn("Error closing HTTP client: key={}", clientKey, e);
+            }
+          }
+        }
+      }
+      return false;
+    }
+
+    /** Force close the HTTP client regardless of reference count (for 
testing/shutdown). */
+    void forceClose() {

Review Comment:
   I'm not sure I follow why we need `forceClose()` when it just calls 
`close()`.  The place that currently calls `forceClose()` can be updated to 
call `close()` directly



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