joyhaldar opened a new pull request, #15038:
URL: https://github.com/apache/iceberg/pull/15038

   ### Description
   
   Currently when expiring snapshots, the code walks the ancestor chain twice:
   1. 
[computeBranchSnapshotsToRetain](https://github.com/apache/iceberg/blob/7f81e1e93084e50fa3676c2e131722f66a26b385/core/src/main/java/org/apache/iceberg/RemoveSnapshots.java#L316)
 - finds snapshots to retain
   2. 
[unreferencedSnapshotsToRetain](https://github.com/apache/iceberg/blob/7f81e1e93084e50fa3676c2e131722f66a26b385/core/src/main/java/org/apache/iceberg/RemoveSnapshots.java#L331)
 - finds all referenced snapshots for orphan detection
   
   
   This PR combines both into a single walk, tracking retained and referenced 
snapshots together. also skips the orphan check entirely when all snapshots are 
referenced, common case for tables without orphans.
   
   ### Complexity
   
   | Scenario | Before | After |
   |----------|--------|-------|
   | Tables without orphans | O(2N + k) | O(N) |
   | Tables with orphans | O(2N + k) | O(2N) |
   
   Where N = total snapshots, k = retained snapshots.
   
   ### Testing
   
   - All existing `TestRemoveSnapshots` tests pass. 
   - Added `testExpireSnapshotsWithoutOrphans` and 
`testExpireSnapshotsWithOrphans` to validate both paths.


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