wgtmac commented on code in PR #15630:
URL: https://github.com/apache/iceberg/pull/15630#discussion_r2992039281


##########
format/spec.md:
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@@ -123,6 +138,35 @@ Tables do not require random-access writes. Once written, 
data and metadata file
 
 Tables do not require rename, except for tables that use atomic rename to 
implement the commit operation for new metadata files.
 
+### Paths in Metadata
+
+Path strings stored in Iceberg metadata files are classified as one of two 
types:
+
+* **Absolute path** -- A path string that includes a [URI 
scheme](https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/html/rfc3986#section-3.1) (e.g., 
`s3://`, `gs://`, `hdfs://`, `file:///`). Absolute paths are used as-is without 
modification.
+* **Relative path** -- A path string that does not include a URI scheme. 
Relative paths must be resolved against the table's base location before use.
+
+Prior to v4, all path fields must contain absolute paths. Starting with v4, 
path fields may contain either absolute or relative paths. Directory navigation 
symbols (`.` and `..`) and other file system conventions are not supported in 
relative paths.
+
+#### Path Resolution
+
+Path resolution is the process of producing an absolute path from a relative 
path by combining it with the table's base location. If a path is absolute, it 
is used as-is. If a path is relative, it is concatenated with the table 
location to produce an absolute path:
+
+* If the path contains a URI scheme, it is absolute and is used without 
modification.
+* If the path does not contain a URI scheme, the resolved path is the table 
location followed by the relative path.

Review Comment:
   So in this case, we need to interpret it as a relative path or reject it at 
all?
   
   The reason I asked this is that path with `/` prefix is a valid local 
absolute path on Unix-based systems and it works perfect in the current 
implementation if users just use Iceberg locally. This might be an implicit 
behavior change on either approach.



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