nssalian commented on code in PR #16370:
URL: https://github.com/apache/iceberg/pull/16370#discussion_r3283483664


##########
data/src/test/java/org/apache/iceberg/data/TestRecordVariantShreddingAnalyzer.java:
##########
@@ -0,0 +1,193 @@
+/*
+ * Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one
+ * or more contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file
+ * distributed with this work for additional information
+ * regarding copyright ownership.  The ASF licenses this file
+ * to you under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the
+ * "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance
+ * with the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *   http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing,
+ * software distributed under the License is distributed on an
+ * "AS IS" BASIS, WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY
+ * KIND, either express or implied.  See the License for the
+ * specific language governing permissions and limitations
+ * under the License.
+ */
+package org.apache.iceberg.data;
+
+import static org.assertj.core.api.Assertions.assertThat;
+
+import java.io.IOException;
+import java.nio.ByteBuffer;
+import java.nio.file.Path;
+import java.util.List;
+import java.util.Map;
+import org.apache.iceberg.FileFormat;
+import org.apache.iceberg.Files;
+import org.apache.iceberg.InternalTestHelpers;
+import org.apache.iceberg.PartitionSpec;
+import org.apache.iceberg.Schema;
+import org.apache.iceberg.TableProperties;
+import org.apache.iceberg.encryption.EncryptedFiles;
+import org.apache.iceberg.encryption.EncryptedOutputFile;
+import org.apache.iceberg.formats.FileWriterBuilder;
+import org.apache.iceberg.formats.FormatModelRegistry;
+import org.apache.iceberg.io.CloseableIterable;
+import org.apache.iceberg.io.DataWriter;
+import org.apache.iceberg.io.OutputFile;
+import org.apache.iceberg.parquet.Parquet;
+import org.apache.iceberg.parquet.ParquetFileTestUtils;
+import org.apache.iceberg.relocated.com.google.common.collect.ImmutableList;
+import org.apache.iceberg.relocated.com.google.common.collect.ImmutableMap;
+import org.apache.iceberg.relocated.com.google.common.collect.Lists;
+import org.apache.iceberg.types.Types;
+import org.apache.iceberg.variants.Variant;
+import org.apache.iceberg.variants.VariantMetadata;
+import org.apache.iceberg.variants.VariantTestUtil;
+import org.apache.iceberg.variants.Variants;
+import org.apache.parquet.example.data.Group;
+import org.apache.parquet.hadoop.ParquetFileReader;
+import org.apache.parquet.hadoop.ParquetReader;
+import org.apache.parquet.hadoop.example.GroupReadSupport;
+import org.apache.parquet.schema.GroupType;
+import org.apache.parquet.schema.MessageType;
+import org.apache.parquet.schema.Type;
+import org.junit.jupiter.api.BeforeEach;
+import org.junit.jupiter.api.Test;
+import org.junit.jupiter.api.io.TempDir;
+
+public class TestRecordVariantShreddingAnalyzer {

Review Comment:
   No test covers a record with a `null` variant value. Could you add one?



##########
data/src/main/java/org/apache/iceberg/data/RecordVariantShreddingAnalyzer.java:
##########
@@ -0,0 +1,89 @@
+/*
+ * Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one
+ * or more contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file
+ * distributed with this work for additional information
+ * regarding copyright ownership.  The ASF licenses this file
+ * to you under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the
+ * "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance
+ * with the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *   http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing,
+ * software distributed under the License is distributed on an
+ * "AS IS" BASIS, WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY
+ * KIND, either express or implied.  See the License for the
+ * specific language governing permissions and limitations
+ * under the License.
+ */
+package org.apache.iceberg.data;
+
+import java.util.List;
+import java.util.Map;
+import org.apache.iceberg.Schema;
+import org.apache.iceberg.parquet.VariantShreddingAnalyzer;
+import org.apache.iceberg.relocated.com.google.common.collect.Lists;
+import org.apache.iceberg.relocated.com.google.common.collect.Maps;
+import org.apache.iceberg.types.Types.NestedField;
+import org.apache.iceberg.variants.Variant;
+import org.apache.iceberg.variants.VariantValue;
+import org.apache.parquet.schema.Type;
+
+/**
+ * Variant shredding analyzer for generic {@link Record} types.
+ *
+ * <p>This analyzer extracts {@link Variant} values from {@link Record} 
objects and determines
+ * optimal shredding schemas by analyzing data distributions across buffered 
rows. The analyzer is
+ * used by Kafka Connect and other tools that work with generic Record types 
to enable automatic
+ * variant shredding for Parquet writes.
+ *
+ * <p>Shredding extracts frequently-occurring fields from variant data into 
typed Parquet columns
+ * for improved query performance while maintaining the full variant data in 
the raw value field.
+ */
+class RecordVariantShreddingAnalyzer extends VariantShreddingAnalyzer<Record, 
Void> {
+
+  /**
+   * For generic {@link Record} rows, top-level field order matches {@link 
Schema#columns()}. {@link
+   * #resolveColumnIndex} is unused ({@code Void} engine schema); using it 
always produced {@code
+   * -1}, so variant columns were never analyzed and Parquet shredding never 
activated for Kafka
+   * Connect and other Record-based writers.
+   */
+  @Override
+  public Map<Integer, Type> analyzeVariantColumns(
+      List<Record> bufferedRows, Schema icebergSchema, Void engineSchema) {
+    Map<Integer, Type> shreddedTypes = Maps.newHashMap();
+    List<NestedField> cols = icebergSchema.columns();
+    for (int rowIndex = 0; rowIndex < cols.size(); rowIndex++) {
+      NestedField col = cols.get(rowIndex);
+      if (col.type().isVariantType()) {
+        Type typed = analyzeAndCreateSchema(bufferedRows, rowIndex);
+        if (typed != null) {
+          shreddedTypes.put(col.fieldId(), typed);
+        }
+      }
+    }
+
+    return shreddedTypes;
+  }
+
+  @Override
+  protected List<VariantValue> extractVariantValues(

Review Comment:
   `instanceof Variant` silently skips both nulls and non-`Variant` values. 
Should this throw on non-`Variant` so caller bugs surface instead of silently 
shrinking the analysis set? Worth referring to the Spark and Flink 
implementation.



##########
data/src/main/java/org/apache/iceberg/data/RecordVariantShreddingAnalyzer.java:
##########
@@ -0,0 +1,89 @@
+/*
+ * Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one
+ * or more contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file
+ * distributed with this work for additional information
+ * regarding copyright ownership.  The ASF licenses this file
+ * to you under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the
+ * "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance
+ * with the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *   http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing,
+ * software distributed under the License is distributed on an
+ * "AS IS" BASIS, WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY
+ * KIND, either express or implied.  See the License for the
+ * specific language governing permissions and limitations
+ * under the License.
+ */
+package org.apache.iceberg.data;
+
+import java.util.List;
+import java.util.Map;
+import org.apache.iceberg.Schema;
+import org.apache.iceberg.parquet.VariantShreddingAnalyzer;
+import org.apache.iceberg.relocated.com.google.common.collect.Lists;
+import org.apache.iceberg.relocated.com.google.common.collect.Maps;
+import org.apache.iceberg.types.Types.NestedField;
+import org.apache.iceberg.variants.Variant;
+import org.apache.iceberg.variants.VariantValue;
+import org.apache.parquet.schema.Type;
+
+/**
+ * Variant shredding analyzer for generic {@link Record} types.
+ *
+ * <p>This analyzer extracts {@link Variant} values from {@link Record} 
objects and determines
+ * optimal shredding schemas by analyzing data distributions across buffered 
rows. The analyzer is
+ * used by Kafka Connect and other tools that work with generic Record types 
to enable automatic
+ * variant shredding for Parquet writes.
+ *
+ * <p>Shredding extracts frequently-occurring fields from variant data into 
typed Parquet columns
+ * for improved query performance while maintaining the full variant data in 
the raw value field.
+ */
+class RecordVariantShreddingAnalyzer extends VariantShreddingAnalyzer<Record, 
Void> {
+
+  /**
+   * For generic {@link Record} rows, top-level field order matches {@link 
Schema#columns()}. {@link
+   * #resolveColumnIndex} is unused ({@code Void} engine schema); using it 
always produced {@code
+   * -1}, so variant columns were never analyzed and Parquet shredding never 
activated for Kafka
+   * Connect and other Record-based writers.
+   */
+  @Override
+  public Map<Integer, Type> analyzeVariantColumns(
+      List<Record> bufferedRows, Schema icebergSchema, Void engineSchema) {
+    Map<Integer, Type> shreddedTypes = Maps.newHashMap();
+    List<NestedField> cols = icebergSchema.columns();
+    for (int rowIndex = 0; rowIndex < cols.size(); rowIndex++) {
+      NestedField col = cols.get(rowIndex);
+      if (col.type().isVariantType()) {
+        Type typed = analyzeAndCreateSchema(bufferedRows, rowIndex);
+        if (typed != null) {
+          shreddedTypes.put(col.fieldId(), typed);
+        }
+      }
+    }
+
+    return shreddedTypes;
+  }
+
+  @Override
+  protected List<VariantValue> extractVariantValues(
+      List<Record> bufferedRows, int variantFieldIndex) {
+    List<VariantValue> values = Lists.newArrayList();
+    for (Record record : bufferedRows) {
+      Object fieldValue = record.get(variantFieldIndex);
+      if (fieldValue instanceof Variant) {
+        Variant variant = (Variant) fieldValue;
+        values.add(variant.value());
+      }
+    }
+    return values;
+  }
+
+  @Override
+  protected int resolveColumnIndex(Void engineSchema, String columnName) {

Review Comment:
   Is this getting called?



##########
data/src/main/java/org/apache/iceberg/data/RecordVariantShreddingAnalyzer.java:
##########
@@ -0,0 +1,89 @@
+/*
+ * Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one
+ * or more contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file
+ * distributed with this work for additional information
+ * regarding copyright ownership.  The ASF licenses this file
+ * to you under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the
+ * "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance
+ * with the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *   http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing,
+ * software distributed under the License is distributed on an
+ * "AS IS" BASIS, WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY
+ * KIND, either express or implied.  See the License for the
+ * specific language governing permissions and limitations
+ * under the License.
+ */
+package org.apache.iceberg.data;
+
+import java.util.List;
+import java.util.Map;
+import org.apache.iceberg.Schema;
+import org.apache.iceberg.parquet.VariantShreddingAnalyzer;
+import org.apache.iceberg.relocated.com.google.common.collect.Lists;
+import org.apache.iceberg.relocated.com.google.common.collect.Maps;
+import org.apache.iceberg.types.Types.NestedField;
+import org.apache.iceberg.variants.Variant;
+import org.apache.iceberg.variants.VariantValue;
+import org.apache.parquet.schema.Type;
+
+/**
+ * Variant shredding analyzer for generic {@link Record} types.
+ *
+ * <p>This analyzer extracts {@link Variant} values from {@link Record} 
objects and determines
+ * optimal shredding schemas by analyzing data distributions across buffered 
rows. The analyzer is
+ * used by Kafka Connect and other tools that work with generic Record types 
to enable automatic
+ * variant shredding for Parquet writes.
+ *
+ * <p>Shredding extracts frequently-occurring fields from variant data into 
typed Parquet columns
+ * for improved query performance while maintaining the full variant data in 
the raw value field.
+ */
+class RecordVariantShreddingAnalyzer extends VariantShreddingAnalyzer<Record, 
Void> {
+
+  /**
+   * For generic {@link Record} rows, top-level field order matches {@link 
Schema#columns()}. {@link
+   * #resolveColumnIndex} is unused ({@code Void} engine schema); using it 
always produced {@code
+   * -1}, so variant columns were never analyzed and Parquet shredding never 
activated for Kafka
+   * Connect and other Record-based writers.
+   */
+  @Override

Review Comment:
   This override duplicates the loop from 
`VariantShreddingAnalyzer.analyzeVariantColumns`. Spark/Flink override only the 
protected hooks (`resolveColumnIndex`, `extractVariantValues`), not the public 
template.



##########
data/src/main/java/org/apache/iceberg/data/RecordVariantShreddingAnalyzer.java:
##########
@@ -0,0 +1,89 @@
+/*
+ * Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one
+ * or more contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file
+ * distributed with this work for additional information
+ * regarding copyright ownership.  The ASF licenses this file
+ * to you under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the
+ * "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance
+ * with the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *   http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing,
+ * software distributed under the License is distributed on an
+ * "AS IS" BASIS, WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY
+ * KIND, either express or implied.  See the License for the
+ * specific language governing permissions and limitations
+ * under the License.
+ */
+package org.apache.iceberg.data;
+
+import java.util.List;
+import java.util.Map;
+import org.apache.iceberg.Schema;
+import org.apache.iceberg.parquet.VariantShreddingAnalyzer;
+import org.apache.iceberg.relocated.com.google.common.collect.Lists;
+import org.apache.iceberg.relocated.com.google.common.collect.Maps;
+import org.apache.iceberg.types.Types.NestedField;
+import org.apache.iceberg.variants.Variant;
+import org.apache.iceberg.variants.VariantValue;
+import org.apache.parquet.schema.Type;
+
+/**
+ * Variant shredding analyzer for generic {@link Record} types.
+ *
+ * <p>This analyzer extracts {@link Variant} values from {@link Record} 
objects and determines
+ * optimal shredding schemas by analyzing data distributions across buffered 
rows. The analyzer is
+ * used by Kafka Connect and other tools that work with generic Record types 
to enable automatic
+ * variant shredding for Parquet writes.
+ *
+ * <p>Shredding extracts frequently-occurring fields from variant data into 
typed Parquet columns
+ * for improved query performance while maintaining the full variant data in 
the raw value field.
+ */
+class RecordVariantShreddingAnalyzer extends VariantShreddingAnalyzer<Record, 
Void> {
+
+  /**
+   * For generic {@link Record} rows, top-level field order matches {@link 
Schema#columns()}. {@link
+   * #resolveColumnIndex} is unused ({@code Void} engine schema); using it 
always produced {@code
+   * -1}, so variant columns were never analyzed and Parquet shredding never 
activated for Kafka
+   * Connect and other Record-based writers.
+   */
+  @Override

Review Comment:
   This javadoc describes pre-fix state ("is unused", "always produced -1", 
"never activated") rather than what the method
   does. Suggest dropping it - `{@inheritDoc}` is the default for overrides and 
the override's behavior needs to be explained instead



##########
data/src/main/java/org/apache/iceberg/data/RecordVariantShreddingAnalyzer.java:
##########
@@ -0,0 +1,89 @@
+/*
+ * Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one
+ * or more contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file
+ * distributed with this work for additional information
+ * regarding copyright ownership.  The ASF licenses this file
+ * to you under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the
+ * "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance
+ * with the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *   http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing,
+ * software distributed under the License is distributed on an
+ * "AS IS" BASIS, WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY
+ * KIND, either express or implied.  See the License for the
+ * specific language governing permissions and limitations
+ * under the License.
+ */
+package org.apache.iceberg.data;
+
+import java.util.List;
+import java.util.Map;
+import org.apache.iceberg.Schema;
+import org.apache.iceberg.parquet.VariantShreddingAnalyzer;
+import org.apache.iceberg.relocated.com.google.common.collect.Lists;
+import org.apache.iceberg.relocated.com.google.common.collect.Maps;
+import org.apache.iceberg.types.Types.NestedField;
+import org.apache.iceberg.variants.Variant;
+import org.apache.iceberg.variants.VariantValue;
+import org.apache.parquet.schema.Type;
+
+/**
+ * Variant shredding analyzer for generic {@link Record} types.
+ *
+ * <p>This analyzer extracts {@link Variant} values from {@link Record} 
objects and determines
+ * optimal shredding schemas by analyzing data distributions across buffered 
rows. The analyzer is
+ * used by Kafka Connect and other tools that work with generic Record types 
to enable automatic
+ * variant shredding for Parquet writes.
+ *
+ * <p>Shredding extracts frequently-occurring fields from variant data into 
typed Parquet columns
+ * for improved query performance while maintaining the full variant data in 
the raw value field.
+ */
+class RecordVariantShreddingAnalyzer extends VariantShreddingAnalyzer<Record, 
Void> {

Review Comment:
   A few issues to note in the doc string here:
   
   1. "used by Kafka Connect and other tools" misframes this class as 
Connect-specific. PR title needs a change too.
   2. The "Shredding extracts frequently-occurring fields..." paragraph 
describes what shredding is; that belongs on the base class 
`VariantShreddingAnalyzer`, not the Record-specific subclass. I don't think 
this is needed here.
   3. The doc string doesn't actually describe what's specific about this 
implementation (positional indexing aligned with `Record.get(int)`).
   4. Would be great to be consistent with `SparkVariantShreddingAnalyzer` 



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