danielcweeks commented on code in PR #15630:
URL: https://github.com/apache/iceberg/pull/15630#discussion_r3290144221


##########
format/spec.md:
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@@ -168,6 +184,48 @@ All columns must be written to data files even if they 
introduce redundancy with
 
 Writers are not allowed to commit files with a partition spec that contains a 
field with an unknown transform.
 
+### Paths in Metadata
+
+Path strings stored in Iceberg metadata location fields are classified as one 
of two types:
+
+* **Absolute path** -- A path string that starts with a [URI 
scheme](https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/html/rfc3986#section-3.1) (e.g., 
`s3:`, `gs:`, `hdfs:`, `file:`). Absolute paths are used as-is without 
modification.
+* **Relative path** -- A path string that does not start with a URI scheme. 
Relative paths must be resolved against the table's base location before use.
+
+Prior to v4, all path fields must contain fully-qualified paths. Starting with 
v4, path fields may contain either absolute or relative paths. [Relative 
resolution within a 
URI](https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/html/rfc3986#section-5.2) (e.g. `.` and 
`..`) and other file system navigation conventions are not supported in 
relative paths.

Review Comment:
   There are a number of similar comments about this distinction, but 
`fully-qualified` (or URI with scheme) is actually the terminology that was 
used for v1-v3.  V4 is distinctly different and part of this change is the 
shift in terminology, which is why we're not attempting to redefine the usage 
in prior versions.



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