stevenzwu commented on code in PR #16958:
URL: https://github.com/apache/iceberg/pull/16958#discussion_r3618050125


##########
core/src/main/java/org/apache/iceberg/Partitioning.java:
##########
@@ -243,6 +243,17 @@ public static StructType partitionType(Table table) {
         "table partition", specs, allActiveFieldIds(table.schema(), specs));
   }
 
+  /**
+   * Builds a unified partition type containing all partition fields from the 
given specs, including
+   * fields whose source columns are no longer present in the table schema.
+   *
+   * @param specs the partition specs to unify
+   * @return the constructed unified partition type
+   */
+  static StructType unionPartitionTypes(Collection<PartitionSpec> specs) {
+    return buildPartitionProjectionType("table partition", specs, 
allFieldIds(specs));

Review Comment:
   nit on the type name, maybe "union partition"?
   
   It is only used in exception error msg. Here is another caller in addition 
to L242 above.
   ```
     public static StructType groupingKeyType(Schema schema, 
Collection<PartitionSpec> specs) {
       return buildPartitionProjectionType("grouping key", specs, 
commonActiveFieldIds(schema, specs));
     }
   ```



##########
core/src/test/java/org/apache/iceberg/TestV4ManifestReader.java:
##########
@@ -0,0 +1,738 @@
+/*
+ * Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one
+ * or more contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file
+ * distributed with this work for additional information
+ * regarding copyright ownership.  The ASF licenses this file
+ * to you under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the
+ * "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance
+ * with the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *   http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing,
+ * software distributed under the License is distributed on an
+ * "AS IS" BASIS, WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY
+ * KIND, either express or implied.  See the License for the
+ * specific language governing permissions and limitations
+ * under the License.
+ */
+package org.apache.iceberg;
+
+import static org.apache.iceberg.types.Types.NestedField.optional;
+import static org.assertj.core.api.Assertions.assertThat;
+import static org.assertj.core.api.Assertions.assertThatThrownBy;
+
+import java.io.IOException;
+import java.nio.ByteBuffer;
+import java.nio.file.Path;
+import java.util.Arrays;
+import java.util.List;
+import java.util.Locale;
+import java.util.Map;
+import org.apache.iceberg.expressions.Expressions;
+import org.apache.iceberg.io.FileAppender;
+import org.apache.iceberg.io.FileIO;
+import org.apache.iceberg.io.InputFile;
+import org.apache.iceberg.io.OutputFile;
+import org.apache.iceberg.metrics.DefaultMetricsContext;
+import org.apache.iceberg.metrics.ScanMetrics;
+import org.apache.iceberg.relocated.com.google.common.collect.ImmutableList;
+import org.apache.iceberg.relocated.com.google.common.collect.ImmutableMap;
+import org.apache.iceberg.relocated.com.google.common.collect.Lists;
+import org.apache.iceberg.transforms.Transforms;
+import org.apache.iceberg.types.Types;
+import org.junit.jupiter.api.TestTemplate;
+import org.junit.jupiter.api.extension.ExtendWith;
+import org.junit.jupiter.api.io.TempDir;
+
+@ExtendWith(ParameterizedTestExtension.class)
+public class TestV4ManifestReader {
+  private static final long SNAPSHOT_ID = 42L;
+  private static final int FORMAT_VERSION_V4 = 4;
+  private static final long RECORD_COUNT = 100L;
+  private static final long FILE_SIZE_IN_BYTES = 1024L;
+  private static final int SORT_ORDER_ID = 1;
+  private static final String DV_LOCATION = "s3://bucket/dv.puffin";
+  private static final long DV_OFFSET = 100L;
+  private static final long DV_SIZE_IN_BYTES = 50L;
+  private static final long DV_CARDINALITY = 5L;
+
+  private static final Schema TABLE_SCHEMA =
+      new Schema(
+          optional(1, "id", Types.IntegerType.get()), optional(2, "data", 
Types.StringType.get()));
+  private static final PartitionSpec SPEC =
+      PartitionSpec.builderFor(TABLE_SCHEMA).identity("id").build();
+  private static final Types.StructType PARTITION_TYPE = SPEC.partitionType();
+  private static final Types.StructType EMPTY_PARTITION = 
Types.StructType.of();
+  private static final PartitionData EMPTY_PARTITION_DATA = new 
PartitionData(EMPTY_PARTITION);
+  private static final Map<Integer, PartitionSpec> PARTITIONED_SPECS =
+      ImmutableMap.of(SPEC.specId(), SPEC);
+  private static final Map<Integer, PartitionSpec> UNPARTITIONED_SPECS =
+      ImmutableMap.of(PartitionSpec.unpartitioned().specId(), 
PartitionSpec.unpartitioned());
+
+  @Parameter private FileFormat format;
+
+  @Parameters(name = "format = {0}")
+  protected static List<FileFormat> parameters() {
+    return Arrays.asList(FileFormat.AVRO, FileFormat.PARQUET);

Review Comment:
   nit: ` ImmutableList.of(...)`



##########
core/src/test/java/org/apache/iceberg/TestV4ManifestReader.java:
##########
@@ -370,34 +446,62 @@ public void testPartitionFilterCountsSkippedDeleteFiles() 
throws IOException {
   public void testPartitionFilterKeepsManifestReferences() throws IOException {
     TrackedFile keep = dataFile("data-1.parquet", partition(1));
     TrackedFile prune = dataFile("data-2.parquet", partition(2));
-    ManifestInfo info = new ManifestInfoStruct(1, 0, 0, 0, 1L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 1L, 
null, null);
-    TrackedFile manifestRef =
-        new TrackedFileStruct(
-            addedTracking(),
-            FileContent.DATA_MANIFEST,
-            FORMAT_VERSION_V4,
-            "leaf.parquet",
-            FileFormat.PARQUET,
-            partition(2),
-            RECORD_COUNT,
-            FILE_SIZE_IN_BYTES,
-            0,
-            null,
-            null,
-            null,
-            info,
-            null,
-            null,
-            null);
+    // a real manifest reference has a null spec_id and no partition tuple; 
these refs carry a
+    // spec and a tuple that fails the filter so that pruning would be 
detected if the manifest
+    // passthrough broke
+    TrackedFile dataManifestRef = manifestRef(FileContent.DATA_MANIFEST, 
"data-leaf.parquet");
+    TrackedFile deleteManifestRef = manifestRef(FileContent.DELETE_MANIFEST, 
"delete-leaf.parquet");
 
-    InputFile manifest = writeManifest(PARTITION_TYPE, ImmutableList.of(keep, 
prune, manifestRef));
+    InputFile manifest =
+        writeManifest(
+            PARTITION_TYPE, ImmutableList.of(keep, prune, dataManifestRef, 
deleteManifestRef));
 
     try (V4ManifestReader reader =
         newReader(manifest, 
PARTITIONED_SPECS).filterRows(Expressions.equal("id", 1)).build()) {
       assertThat(reader)
           .extracting(TrackedFile::location)
-          .containsExactlyInAnyOrder(keep.location(), manifestRef.location());
+          .containsExactlyInAnyOrder(
+              keep.location(), dataManifestRef.location(), 
deleteManifestRef.location());

Review Comment:
   nit: should we also check the scan metrics like the one below?
   ```
       assertThat(metrics.skippedDataFiles().value()).isEqualTo(1L);
       assertThat(metrics.skippedDeleteFiles().value()).isEqualTo(0L);
   ```



##########
core/src/test/java/org/apache/iceberg/TestV4ManifestReader.java:
##########
@@ -235,6 +248,69 @@ public void testProjectionRestrictsFields() throws 
IOException {
     }
   }
 
+  @TestTemplate
+  public void testSelectRestrictsFields() throws IOException {
+    TrackedFile file = dataFile("s3://bucket/file.parquet", 
EMPTY_PARTITION_DATA);
+
+    InputFile manifest = writeManifest(EMPTY_PARTITION, 
ImmutableList.of(file));
+
+    try (V4ManifestReader reader =
+        newReader(manifest, UNPARTITIONED_SPECS)
+            .select(ImmutableList.of("location", "record_count"))
+            .build()) {
+      TrackedFile actual = Lists.newArrayList(reader).get(0);
+      assertThat(actual.location()).isEqualTo(file.location());
+      assertThat(actual.recordCount()).isEqualTo(RECORD_COUNT);
+      // tracking and content_type are always projected, even though the 
caller omitted them
+      assertThat(actual.tracking()).isNotNull();
+      assertThat(actual.tracking().status()).isEqualTo(EntryStatus.ADDED);
+      assertThat(actual.contentType()).isEqualTo(FileContent.DATA);
+      // file_format and spec_id are null because they were not selected

Review Comment:
   nit: can we add a coverage for partitioned table where these two fields are 
always selected?



##########
core/src/main/java/org/apache/iceberg/V4ManifestReader.java:
##########
@@ -0,0 +1,272 @@
+/*
+ * Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one
+ * or more contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file
+ * distributed with this work for additional information
+ * regarding copyright ownership.  The ASF licenses this file
+ * to you under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the
+ * "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance
+ * with the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *   http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing,
+ * software distributed under the License is distributed on an
+ * "AS IS" BASIS, WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY
+ * KIND, either express or implied.  See the License for the
+ * specific language governing permissions and limitations
+ * under the License.
+ */
+package org.apache.iceberg;
+
+import java.util.List;
+import java.util.Map;
+import java.util.Set;
+import org.apache.iceberg.expressions.Evaluator;
+import org.apache.iceberg.expressions.Expression;
+import org.apache.iceberg.expressions.Expressions;
+import org.apache.iceberg.expressions.Projections;
+import org.apache.iceberg.io.CloseableGroup;
+import org.apache.iceberg.io.CloseableIterable;
+import org.apache.iceberg.io.CloseableIterator;
+import org.apache.iceberg.io.InputFile;
+import org.apache.iceberg.metrics.ScanMetrics;
+import org.apache.iceberg.relocated.com.google.common.base.Preconditions;
+import org.apache.iceberg.relocated.com.google.common.collect.Lists;
+import org.apache.iceberg.relocated.com.google.common.collect.Maps;
+import org.apache.iceberg.relocated.com.google.common.collect.Sets;
+import org.apache.iceberg.types.TypeUtil;
+import org.apache.iceberg.types.Types;
+import org.apache.iceberg.util.StructProjection;
+
+/** Reader that reads a v4+ manifest file as {@link TrackedFile}s. */
+class V4ManifestReader extends CloseableGroup implements 
CloseableIterable<TrackedFile> {
+  // tracking fields read on the scan path; row_position backs 
Tracking.manifestPos
+  private static final Types.StructType SCAN_TRACKING =
+      Types.StructType.of(
+          Tracking.STATUS,
+          Tracking.SNAPSHOT_ID,
+          Tracking.SEQUENCE_NUMBER,
+          Tracking.FILE_SEQUENCE_NUMBER,
+          Tracking.FIRST_ROW_ID,
+          MetadataColumns.ROW_POSITION);
+
+  private final InputFile file;
+  private final Schema readSchema;
+  private final boolean onlyLive;
+  private final ScanMetrics scanMetrics;
+
+  // partition pruning state, keyed by spec ID
+  private final Map<Integer, Evaluator> partitionEvaluators;
+  private final Map<Integer, StructProjection> partitionProjections;
+
+  private V4ManifestReader(
+      InputFile file,
+      Schema readSchema,
+      Map<Integer, Evaluator> partitionEvaluators,
+      Map<Integer, StructProjection> partitionProjections,
+      boolean onlyLive,
+      ScanMetrics scanMetrics) {
+    this.file = file;
+    this.readSchema = readSchema;
+    this.partitionEvaluators = partitionEvaluators;
+    this.partitionProjections = partitionProjections;
+    this.onlyLive = onlyLive;
+    this.scanMetrics = scanMetrics;
+  }
+
+  static Builder builder(InputFile file, Map<Integer, PartitionSpec> 
specsById) {
+    return new Builder(file, specsById);
+  }
+
+  /** Returns copies of the tracked files that match this reader's configured 
filters. */
+  @Override
+  public CloseableIterator<TrackedFile> iterator() {
+    CloseableIterable<TrackedFile> entries = 
CloseableIterable.transform(open(), this::prepare);
+    if (!partitionEvaluators.isEmpty()) {
+      // manifest references are expanded later and are not pruned by the 
partition filter
+      entries =
+          CloseableIterable.filter(entries, entry -> isManifest(entry) || 
matchesPartition(entry));
+    }
+
+    if (onlyLive) {
+      entries = CloseableIterable.filter(entries, entry -> 
entry.tracking().isLive());
+    }
+
+    return CloseableIterable.transform(entries, TrackedFile::copy).iterator();
+  }
+
+  private static boolean isManifest(TrackedFile trackedFile) {
+    FileContent content = trackedFile.contentType();
+    return content == FileContent.DATA_MANIFEST || content == 
FileContent.DELETE_MANIFEST;
+  }
+
+  private boolean matchesPartition(TrackedFile trackedFile) {
+    Integer specId = trackedFile.specId();
+    Evaluator evaluator = specId != null ? partitionEvaluators.get(specId) : 
null;
+    StructProjection projection = specId != null ? 
partitionProjections.get(specId) : null;
+    Preconditions.checkState(
+        evaluator != null && projection != null,
+        "Cannot apply partition filter: spec ID %s is not one of the known 
specs %s in manifest %s",
+        specId,
+        partitionEvaluators.keySet(),
+        file.location());
+
+    boolean matches = evaluator.eval(projection.wrap(trackedFile.partition()));
+    if (!matches) {
+      incrementSkipCount(trackedFile.contentType());
+    }
+
+    return matches;
+  }
+
+  private void incrementSkipCount(FileContent content) {
+    switch (content) {
+      case DATA:
+        scanMetrics.skippedDataFiles().increment();
+        break;
+      case EQUALITY_DELETES:
+        scanMetrics.skippedDeleteFiles().increment();
+        break;
+      case DATA_MANIFEST:
+        scanMetrics.skippedDataManifests().increment();
+        break;
+      case DELETE_MANIFEST:
+        scanMetrics.skippedDeleteManifests().increment();
+        break;
+      default:
+        throw new UnsupportedOperationException("Unsupported content type: " + 
content);
+    }
+  }
+
+  private CloseableIterable<TrackedFile> open() {
+    FileFormat format = FileFormat.fromFileName(file.location());
+    Preconditions.checkArgument(
+        format != null, "Cannot determine format of manifest: %s", 
file.location());
+
+    CloseableIterable<TrackedFile> reader =
+        InternalData.read(format, file)
+            .project(readSchema)
+            .setRootType(TrackedFileStruct.class)
+            .setCustomType(TrackedFile.TRACKING.fieldId(), 
TrackingStruct.class)
+            .setCustomType(TrackedFile.DELETION_VECTOR.fieldId(), 
DeletionVectorStruct.class)
+            .setCustomType(TrackedFile.MANIFEST_INFO.fieldId(), 
ManifestInfoStruct.class)
+            .setCustomType(TrackedFile.PARTITION_ID, PartitionData.class)
+            .reuseContainers()
+            .build();
+    addCloseable(reader);
+    return reader;
+  }
+
+  private TrackedFile prepare(TrackedFile trackedFile) {
+    Tracking tracking = trackedFile.tracking();
+    // manifestLocation is not stored in the manifest; the reader fills it in
+    if (tracking instanceof TrackingStruct) {
+      ((TrackingStruct) tracking).setManifestLocation(file.location());
+    }
+
+    return trackedFile;
+  }
+
+  static class Builder {
+    private final InputFile file;
+    private final Types.StructType partitionType;
+    private final Map<Integer, PartitionSpec> specsById;
+    private Expression rowFilter = Expressions.alwaysTrue();
+    private boolean caseSensitive = true;
+    private boolean onlyLive = false;
+    private Schema fileProjection = null;
+    private ScanMetrics scanMetrics = ScanMetrics.noop();
+
+    private Builder(InputFile file, Map<Integer, PartitionSpec> specsById) {
+      this.file = file;
+      this.partitionType = 
Partitioning.unionPartitionTypes(specsById.values());
+      this.specsById = specsById;
+    }
+
+    /** Sets a row filter; files that cannot match the expression are skipped. 
*/
+    Builder filterRows(Expression expr) {
+      Preconditions.checkArgument(expr != null, "Invalid row filter: null");
+      this.rowFilter = expr;
+      return this;
+    }
+
+    Builder caseSensitive(boolean isCaseSensitive) {
+      this.caseSensitive = isCaseSensitive;
+      return this;
+    }
+
+    /** Returns only files whose tracking {@link Tracking#isLive() is live}. */
+    Builder liveOnly() {
+      this.onlyLive = true;
+      return this;
+    }
+
+    Builder project(Schema newFileProjection) {

Review Comment:
   Concretely, the current `project(Schema)` path modifies the caller's schema 
in three ways at 
`251:272:core/src/main/java/org/apache/iceberg/V4ManifestReader.java`:
   
   1. A narrower `tracking` sub-projection is widened to full 
`Tracking.scanSchema()` — `TypeUtil.getProjectedIds` returns both the parent 
`TRACKING.fieldId` and any nested ids, and `TypeUtil.select` uses 
`selectFullTypes=true` 
(`119:123:api/src/main/java/org/apache/iceberg/types/TypeUtil.java`), so 
parent-in-set short-circuits back to the whole struct.
   2. `TRACKING` and `CONTENT_TYPE` are force-added at L264-265 even if the 
caller omitted them.
   3. `SPEC_ID` and `PARTITION_ID` are force-added when a row filter is active 
(L267-268).
   
   Worth noting: `TypeUtil.project` 
(`75:87:api/src/main/java/org/apache/iceberg/types/TypeUtil.java`) uses 
`selectFullTypes=false`, so it *does* preserve a narrower sub-projection. 
`readSchema()` can use `TypeUtil.project` to avoid the projection widening.
   
   parent struct widening problem will be especially problematic when content 
stats are plumbed in, since there could be dozens or hundreds of column stats.



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