rdblue commented on a change in pull request #1986:
URL: https://github.com/apache/iceberg/pull/1986#discussion_r551644760



##########
File path: 
spark3-extensions/src/test/java/org/apache/iceberg/spark/extensions/TestMerge.java
##########
@@ -0,0 +1,336 @@
+/*
+ * Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one
+ * or more contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file
+ * distributed with this work for additional information
+ * regarding copyright ownership.  The ASF licenses this file
+ * to you under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the
+ * "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance
+ * with the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *   http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing,
+ * software distributed under the License is distributed on an
+ * "AS IS" BASIS, WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY
+ * KIND, either express or implied.  See the License for the
+ * specific language governing permissions and limitations
+ * under the License.
+ */
+
+package org.apache.iceberg.spark.extensions;
+
+import java.util.Arrays;
+import java.util.Map;
+import org.apache.iceberg.AssertHelpers;
+import org.apache.spark.sql.AnalysisException;
+import org.junit.After;
+import org.junit.BeforeClass;
+import org.junit.Test;
+
+public abstract class TestMerge extends SparkRowLevelOperationsTestBase {
+
+  public TestMerge(String catalogName, String implementation, Map<String, 
String> config,
+                   String fileFormat, boolean vectorized) {
+    super(catalogName, implementation, config, fileFormat, vectorized);
+  }
+
+  @BeforeClass
+  public static void setupSparkConf() {
+    spark.conf().set("spark.sql.shuffle.partitions", "4");
+  }
+
+  @After
+  public void removeTables() {
+    sql("DROP TABLE IF EXISTS %s", tableName);
+    sql("DROP TABLE IF EXISTS source");
+  }
+
+  // TODO: tests for reordering when operations succeed (both insert and 
update actions)
+  // TODO: tests for modifying fields in a null struct
+  // TODO: tests for subqueries in conditions
+
+  @Test
+  public void testMergeWithNonExistingColumns() {
+    createAndInitNestedColumnsTable();
+    createOrReplaceView("source", "{ \"c1\": -100, \"c2\": -200 }");
+
+    AssertHelpers.assertThrows("Should complain about the invalid top-level 
column",
+        AnalysisException.class, "cannot resolve '`t.invalid_col`'",
+        () -> {
+          sql("MERGE INTO %s t USING source s " +
+              "ON t.id == s.c1 " +
+              "WHEN MATCHED THEN " +
+              "  UPDATE SET t.invalid_col = s.c2", tableName);
+        });
+
+    AssertHelpers.assertThrows("Should complain about the invalid nested 
column",
+        AnalysisException.class, "No such struct field invalid_col",
+        () -> {
+          sql("MERGE INTO %s t USING source s " +
+              "ON t.id == s.c1 " +
+              "WHEN MATCHED THEN " +
+              "  UPDATE SET t.c.n2.invalid_col = s.c2", tableName);
+        });
+
+    AssertHelpers.assertThrows("Should complain about the invalid top-level 
column",
+        AnalysisException.class, "cannot resolve '`invalid_col`'",
+        () -> {
+          sql("MERGE INTO %s t USING source s " +
+              "ON t.id == s.c1 " +
+              "WHEN MATCHED THEN " +
+              "  UPDATE SET t.c.n2.dn1 = s.c2 " +
+              "WHEN NOT MATCHED THEN " +
+              "  INSERT (id, invalid_col) VALUES (s.c1, null)", tableName);
+        });
+  }
+
+  @Test
+  public void testMergeWithInvalidColumnsInInsert() {
+    createAndInitNestedColumnsTable();
+    createOrReplaceView("source", "{ \"c1\": -100, \"c2\": -200 }");
+
+    AssertHelpers.assertThrows("Should complain about the nested column",
+        AnalysisException.class, "Nested fields are not supported inside 
INSERT clauses",
+        () -> {
+          sql("MERGE INTO %s t USING source s " +
+              "ON t.id == s.c1 " +
+              "WHEN MATCHED THEN " +
+              "  UPDATE SET t.c.n2.dn1 = s.c2 " +
+              "WHEN NOT MATCHED THEN " +
+              "  INSERT (id, c.n2) VALUES (s.c1, null)", tableName);
+        });
+
+    AssertHelpers.assertThrows("Should complain about duplicate columns",
+        AnalysisException.class, "Duplicate column names inside INSERT clause",
+        () -> {
+          sql("MERGE INTO %s t USING source s " +
+              "ON t.id == s.c1 " +
+              "WHEN MATCHED THEN " +
+              "  UPDATE SET t.c.n2.dn1 = s.c2 " +
+              "WHEN NOT MATCHED THEN " +
+              "  INSERT (id, id) VALUES (s.c1, null)", tableName);
+        });
+
+    AssertHelpers.assertThrows("Should complain about missing columns",
+        AnalysisException.class, "must provide values for all columns of the 
target table",
+        () -> {
+          sql("MERGE INTO %s t USING source s " +
+              "ON t.id == s.c1 " +
+              "WHEN MATCHED THEN " +
+              "  UPDATE SET t.c.n2.dn1 = s.c2 " +

Review comment:
       I don't think that this should have a `WHEN MATCHED` case, to ensure 
that it is failing for the `NOT MATCHED THEN INSERT`.




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