aokolnychyi commented on a change in pull request #1986:
URL: https://github.com/apache/iceberg/pull/1986#discussion_r551862968



##########
File path: 
spark3-extensions/src/main/scala/org/apache/spark/sql/catalyst/analysis/AssignmentAlignmentSupport.scala
##########
@@ -0,0 +1,199 @@
+/*
+ * Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one
+ * or more contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file
+ * distributed with this work for additional information
+ * regarding copyright ownership.  The ASF licenses this file
+ * to you under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the
+ * "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance
+ * with the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *   http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing,
+ * software distributed under the License is distributed on an
+ * "AS IS" BASIS, WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY
+ * KIND, either express or implied.  See the License for the
+ * specific language governing permissions and limitations
+ * under the License.
+ */
+
+package org.apache.spark.sql.catalyst.analysis
+
+import org.apache.spark.sql.AnalysisException
+import org.apache.spark.sql.catalyst.expressions.{Alias, AnsiCast, 
AttributeReference, Cast, CreateNamedStruct, Expression, ExtractValue, 
GetStructField, Literal, NamedExpression}
+import org.apache.spark.sql.catalyst.plans.logical.{Assignment, LogicalPlan}
+import org.apache.spark.sql.internal.SQLConf.StoreAssignmentPolicy
+import org.apache.spark.sql.types.{DataType, StructField, StructType}
+import scala.collection.mutable
+
+trait AssignmentAlignmentSupport extends CastSupport {
+
+  private case class ColumnUpdate(ref: Seq[String], expr: Expression)
+
+  /**
+   * Aligns assignments to match table columns.
+   * <p>
+   * This method processes and reorders given assignments so that each target 
column gets
+   * an expression it should be set to. If a column does not have a matching 
assignment,
+   * it will be set to its current value. For example, if one passes a table 
with columns c1, c2
+   * and an assignment c2 = 1, this method will return c1 = c1, c2 = 1.
+   * <p>
+   * This method also handles updates to nested columns. If there is an 
assignment to a particular
+   * nested field, this method will construct a new struct with one field 
updated
+   * preserving other fields that have not been modified. For example, if one 
passes a table with
+   * columns c1, c2 where c2 is a struct with fields n1 and n2 and an 
assignment c2.n2 = 1,
+   * this method will return c1 = c1, c2 = struct(c2.n1, 1).
+   *
+   * @param table a target table
+   * @param assignments assignments to align
+   * @return aligned assignments that match table columns
+   */
+  protected def alignAssignments(
+      table: LogicalPlan,
+      assignments: Seq[Assignment]): Seq[Assignment] = {
+
+    val columnUpdates = assignments.map(a => ColumnUpdate(a.key, a.value))
+    val outputExprs = applyUpdates(table.output, columnUpdates)
+    outputExprs.zip(table.output).map {
+      case (expr, attr) => Assignment(attr, expr)
+    }
+  }
+
+  private def applyUpdates(
+      cols: Seq[NamedExpression],
+      updates: Seq[ColumnUpdate],
+      resolver: Resolver = conf.resolver,
+      namePrefix: Seq[String] = Nil): Seq[Expression] = {
+
+    // iterate through columns at the current level and find which column 
updates match
+    cols.map { col =>
+      // find matches for this column or any of its children
+      val prefixMatchedUpdates = updates.filter(a => resolver(a.ref.head, 
col.name))
+      prefixMatchedUpdates match {
+        // if there is no exact match and no match for children, return the 
column as is
+        case updates if updates.isEmpty =>
+          col
+
+        // if there is an exact match, return the assigned expression
+        case Seq(update) if isExactMatch(update, col, resolver) =>
+          castIfNeeded(col, update.expr, resolver)
+
+        // if there are matches only for children
+        case updates if !hasExactMatch(updates, col, resolver) =>
+          col.dataType match {
+            case StructType(fields) =>
+              applyStructUpdates(col, prefixMatchedUpdates, fields, resolver, 
namePrefix)
+            case otherType =>
+              val colName = (namePrefix :+ col.name).mkString(".")
+              throw new AnalysisException(
+                "Updating nested fields is only supported for StructType " +
+                s"but $colName is of type $otherType"
+              )
+          }
+
+        // if there are conflicting updates, throw an exception
+        // there are two illegal scenarios:
+        // - multiple updates to the same column
+        // - updates to a top-level struct and its nested fields (e.g., a.b 
and a.b.c)
+        case updates if hasExactMatch(updates, col, resolver) =>
+          val conflictingCols = updates.map(u => (namePrefix ++ 
u.ref).mkString("."))
+          throw new AnalysisException(
+            "Updates are in conflict for these columns: " +
+            conflictingCols.distinct.mkString("[", ", ", "]"))

Review comment:
       Done.




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