GGraziadei commented on PR #16827:
URL: https://github.com/apache/iceberg/pull/16827#issuecomment-5361944128

   Hi @gimgit,
   Thanks for your question helped to improve drastically the quality of this 
work.
   
   I would like to start from point 2. I measured and compared the memory 
allocation with a profiler, and I reported the results here: 
https://github.com/apache/iceberg/pull/16827#issuecomment-5361125612 (Claude 
helped me put together a quick report).
   
   While conducting this analysis, I was already aware that the main cost was 
the transpose operation and that it was not buffered. I then buffered the 
transpose, which significantly improved memory allocation: from 1.7 GB/op 
before buffering to only ~6.7 KB/op afterward as for ZOrder. The improvement is 
impressive, thanks a lot for focusing on this point!
   
   Regarding point 1, I want to clarify something. I really appreciate your PR 
effort here, because this is exactly what allows us to track the quality of the 
clustering strategy.
   
   The real metric for evaluating cluster quality is locality. In my mind, this 
can be understood as the variance in density across clusters. This is where I 
see the real advantage of Hilbert over Z-order.
   So your question is absolutely correct: how do we trigger this? I will open 
an issue and address it in a separate PR once this one is merged.


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