xiaoxuandev opened a new pull request, #17814:
URL: https://github.com/apache/iceberg/pull/17814

   ## Problem
   `rewriteDataFiles` fails on a table that declared a sort order at creation 
when the output is unsorted relative to that order — always for z-order, and 
for sort whenever the requested order matches none the table declares
   ```
   java.lang.IllegalArgumentException: Cannot use output sort order id 0 
because the table does not contain a sort order with that id
   ```
   ## Root cause
   
   `SparkShufflingFileRewriteRunner` sets `output-sort-order-id` from 
`SortOrderUtil.findTableSortOrder`, which returns `SortOrder.unsorted()` (id 0) 
when no table sort order matches. `SparkWriteConf.outputSortOrderId` then
   rejected that id unless the table contained it:
   ```java
   Preconditions.checkArgument(table.sortOrders().containsKey(explicitId), ...);
   ```
   Id 0 is reserved for unsorted order and is valid for any table, but 
`sortOrders()` contains it only when the table was created unsorted. A table 
that declares a sort order at creation (only possible through the Iceberg API, 
REST, or another engine — `SparkCatalog` never sets one) gets 
`INITIAL_SORT_ORDER_ID = 1` and never lists 0, so the check rejected an id the 
rewrite legitimately produced. The implicit branch of the same method already 
returns that id without consulting the table.
   ## Fix
   Accept the reserved unsorted order id without requiring the table to list 
it. Unknown ids are still rejected. Downstream, `table.sortOrders().get(0)` 
yields `null`, `DataFiles.Builder.withSortOrder` ignores it, and the file is 
written with `sort_order_id = 0`, which is the correct value.


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