laskoviymishka commented on code in PR #3206:
URL: https://github.com/apache/iceberg-rust/pull/3206#discussion_r4008217672


##########
bindings/python/src/encryption.rs:
##########
@@ -0,0 +1,79 @@
+// Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one
+// or more contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file
+// distributed with this work for additional information
+// regarding copyright ownership.  The ASF licenses this file
+// to you under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the
+// "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance
+// with the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at
+//
+//   http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+//
+// Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing,
+// software distributed under the License is distributed on an
+// "AS IS" BASIS, WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY
+// KIND, either express or implied.  See the License for the
+// specific language governing permissions and limitations
+// under the License.
+
+use iceberg::encryption::StandardKeyMetadata;
+use pyo3::prelude::*;
+use pyo3::types::PyBytes;
+
+use crate::error::to_py_err;
+
+/// The encryption key, AAD prefix and file length held by 
`StandardKeyMetadata`.
+type DecodedKeyMetadata<'py> = (

Review Comment:
   The bare 3-tuple leaves Python callers with positional access only, and for 
an encryption API the confusion between `encryption_key` and `aad_prefix` (both 
bytes) is a real footgun — `decoded[0]` vs `decoded[1]` is easy to get wrong, 
and switching to a named type later is a breaking change.
   
   I know manifest/transform expose named classes (`PyManifest`, `PyTransform`) 
while this stays a tuple, so there's precedent both ways. I'd lean toward a 
small `#[pyclass]` with named getters here given what these bytes are, but at 
minimum I'd document the positions on the type alias and in the 
`decode_standard_key_metadata` docstring: `(encryption_key, aad_prefix, 
file_length)`. wdyt?



##########
bindings/python/src/encryption.rs:
##########
@@ -0,0 +1,79 @@
+// Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one
+// or more contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file
+// distributed with this work for additional information
+// regarding copyright ownership.  The ASF licenses this file
+// to you under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the
+// "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance
+// with the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at
+//
+//   http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+//
+// Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing,
+// software distributed under the License is distributed on an
+// "AS IS" BASIS, WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY
+// KIND, either express or implied.  See the License for the
+// specific language governing permissions and limitations
+// under the License.
+
+use iceberg::encryption::StandardKeyMetadata;
+use pyo3::prelude::*;
+use pyo3::types::PyBytes;
+
+use crate::error::to_py_err;
+
+/// The encryption key, AAD prefix and file length held by 
`StandardKeyMetadata`.
+type DecodedKeyMetadata<'py> = (
+    Bound<'py, PyBytes>,
+    Option<Bound<'py, PyBytes>>,
+    Option<u64>,
+);
+
+/// Decode `StandardKeyMetadata` from its wire format.
+#[pyfunction]
+pub fn decode_standard_key_metadata<'py>(
+    py: Python<'py>,
+    data: &[u8],
+) -> PyResult<DecodedKeyMetadata<'py>> {
+    let metadata = StandardKeyMetadata::decode(data).map_err(to_py_err)?;

Review Comment:
   `to_py_err` collapses everything to `PyValueError`, so the 
unsupported-version path (which is `FeatureUnsupported`) surfaces as a 
`ValueError` a caller can't distinguish from malformed data. It's the one error 
kind here with a natural Python counterpart, so I'd map it through a small 
local helper:
   
   ```rust
   fn key_metadata_err(err: iceberg::Error) -> PyErr {
       match err.kind() {
           ErrorKind::FeatureUnsupported => 
PyNotImplementedError::new_err(err.message().to_string()),
           _ => to_py_err(err),
       }
   }
   ```
   
   While we're here — `err.to_string()` prepends the kind, so `str(exc)` reads 
`FeatureUnsupported => Unsupported key metadata version: …`, which diverges 
from pyiceberg's plain message; `err.message()` drops the prefix. No regression 
for the pyiceberg migration since it also raises `ValueError`, so this is 
forward-looking, not blocking.



##########
bindings/python/tests/test_encryption.py:
##########
@@ -0,0 +1,69 @@
+# Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one
+# or more contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file
+# distributed with this work for additional information
+# regarding copyright ownership.  The ASF licenses this file
+# to you under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the
+# "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance
+# with the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at
+#
+#   http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+#
+# Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing,
+# software distributed under the License is distributed on an
+# "AS IS" BASIS, WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY
+# KIND, either express or implied.  See the License for the
+# specific language governing permissions and limitations
+# under the License.
+
+import pytest
+from pyiceberg_core import encryption
+
+AES128_KEY = b"0123456789012345"
+
+
+def test_encode_decode_round_trip():
+    encoded = encryption.encode_standard_key_metadata(AES128_KEY, b"ad", 1024)
+
+    assert encryption.decode_standard_key_metadata(encoded) == (AES128_KEY, 
b"ad", 1024)
+
+
+def test_encode_decode_without_optional_fields():
+    encoded = encryption.encode_standard_key_metadata(AES128_KEY)
+
+    assert encryption.decode_standard_key_metadata(encoded) == (AES128_KEY, 
None, None)
+
+
+def test_encoded_wire_format():
+    # A version byte, then the Avro datum. Pinned so the encoding stays 
compatible
+    # with the Java and Python implementations.
+    assert encryption.encode_standard_key_metadata(AES128_KEY, b"ad", 1024) == 
(
+        b"\x01\x20" + AES128_KEY + b"\x02\x04ad\x02\x80\x10"

Review Comment:
   This pins only the encode direction with both optionals present, but the 
decode direction against known-good bytes is the actual interop guarantee (us 
reading Java-produced bytes), and the null-union encoding for absent fields — 
the `\x00` byte a Java/PyIceberg reader expects — is never exercised. A 
null-branch bug would round-trip fine here but break cross-client.
   
   pyiceberg #3948 pins four cases; I'd mirror them:
   
   ```python
   assert encryption.decode_standard_key_metadata(
       b"\x01\x20" + AES128_KEY + b"\x02\x04ad\x02\x80\x10"
   ) == (AES128_KEY, b"ad", 1024)
   assert encryption.encode_standard_key_metadata(AES128_KEY) == b"\x01\x20" + 
AES128_KEY + b"\x00\x00"
   assert encryption.encode_standard_key_metadata(AES128_KEY, b"ad") == 
b"\x01\x20" + AES128_KEY + b"\x02\x04ad\x00"
   ```
   
   The last one also covers the aad-present/file-length-absent combination that 
isn't tested today.



##########
bindings/python/tests/test_encryption.py:
##########
@@ -0,0 +1,69 @@
+# Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one
+# or more contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file
+# distributed with this work for additional information
+# regarding copyright ownership.  The ASF licenses this file
+# to you under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the
+# "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance
+# with the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at
+#
+#   http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+#
+# Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing,
+# software distributed under the License is distributed on an
+# "AS IS" BASIS, WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY
+# KIND, either express or implied.  See the License for the
+# specific language governing permissions and limitations
+# under the License.
+
+import pytest
+from pyiceberg_core import encryption
+
+AES128_KEY = b"0123456789012345"
+
+
+def test_encode_decode_round_trip():
+    encoded = encryption.encode_standard_key_metadata(AES128_KEY, b"ad", 1024)
+
+    assert encryption.decode_standard_key_metadata(encoded) == (AES128_KEY, 
b"ad", 1024)
+
+
+def test_encode_decode_without_optional_fields():
+    encoded = encryption.encode_standard_key_metadata(AES128_KEY)
+
+    assert encryption.decode_standard_key_metadata(encoded) == (AES128_KEY, 
None, None)
+
+
+def test_encoded_wire_format():
+    # A version byte, then the Avro datum. Pinned so the encoding stays 
compatible
+    # with the Java and Python implementations.
+    assert encryption.encode_standard_key_metadata(AES128_KEY, b"ad", 1024) == 
(
+        b"\x01\x20" + AES128_KEY + b"\x02\x04ad\x02\x80\x10"
+    )
+
+
[email protected]("key_length", [16, 24, 32])
+def test_encode_accepts_aes_key_lengths(key_length):
+    encoded = encryption.encode_standard_key_metadata(bytes(key_length))
+
+    assert encryption.decode_standard_key_metadata(encoded) == (
+        bytes(key_length),
+        None,
+        None,
+    )
+
+
[email protected]("key_length", [0, 4, 15, 20, 33])
+def test_encode_rejects_invalid_key_length(key_length):
+    with pytest.raises(ValueError):
+        encryption.encode_standard_key_metadata(bytes(key_length))
+
+
[email protected]("data", [b"\x02", b"\x02\x20" + AES128_KEY + 
b"\x00\x00"])
+def test_decode_rejects_unsupported_version(data):
+    with pytest.raises(ValueError, match="Unsupported key metadata version: 
2"):
+        encryption.decode_standard_key_metadata(data)
+
+
+def test_decode_rejects_empty_buffer():
+    with pytest.raises(ValueError):
+        encryption.decode_standard_key_metadata(b"")

Review Comment:
   Your PR body notes apache-avro 0.21 decodes a missing/truncated union tag as 
null rather than erroring, so `b"\x01\x20" + AES128_KEY` (version + valid key, 
union tags omitted) likely decodes as `(key, None, None)` — indistinguishable 
from a legit key-only payload. Without a test anchoring that current behavior, 
there's no regression signal when the upstream fix lands.
   
   I'd add it as a strict xfail alongside these rejection tests so it flips to 
passing once fixed:
   
   ```python
   @pytest.mark.xfail(reason="apache-avro#NNN: truncated union tags decode as 
null", strict=True)
   def test_decode_rejects_truncated_union_tags():
       with pytest.raises(ValueError):
           encryption.decode_standard_key_metadata(b"\x01\x20" + AES128_KEY)
   ```
   
   The PR-body TODO says the upstream issue isn't filed yet — worth filing it 
so this reason can link somewhere real. Pre-existing core behavior, not 
something to hold merge on.



##########
bindings/python/tests/test_encryption.py:
##########
@@ -0,0 +1,69 @@
+# Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one
+# or more contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file
+# distributed with this work for additional information
+# regarding copyright ownership.  The ASF licenses this file
+# to you under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the
+# "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance
+# with the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at
+#
+#   http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+#
+# Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing,
+# software distributed under the License is distributed on an
+# "AS IS" BASIS, WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY
+# KIND, either express or implied.  See the License for the
+# specific language governing permissions and limitations
+# under the License.
+
+import pytest
+from pyiceberg_core import encryption
+
+AES128_KEY = b"0123456789012345"
+
+
+def test_encode_decode_round_trip():
+    encoded = encryption.encode_standard_key_metadata(AES128_KEY, b"ad", 1024)
+
+    assert encryption.decode_standard_key_metadata(encoded) == (AES128_KEY, 
b"ad", 1024)
+
+
+def test_encode_decode_without_optional_fields():
+    encoded = encryption.encode_standard_key_metadata(AES128_KEY)
+
+    assert encryption.decode_standard_key_metadata(encoded) == (AES128_KEY, 
None, None)
+
+
+def test_encoded_wire_format():
+    # A version byte, then the Avro datum. Pinned so the encoding stays 
compatible
+    # with the Java and Python implementations.
+    assert encryption.encode_standard_key_metadata(AES128_KEY, b"ad", 1024) == 
(
+        b"\x01\x20" + AES128_KEY + b"\x02\x04ad\x02\x80\x10"
+    )
+
+
[email protected]("key_length", [16, 24, 32])
+def test_encode_accepts_aes_key_lengths(key_length):
+    encoded = encryption.encode_standard_key_metadata(bytes(key_length))
+
+    assert encryption.decode_standard_key_metadata(encoded) == (
+        bytes(key_length),
+        None,
+        None,
+    )
+
+
[email protected]("key_length", [0, 4, 15, 20, 33])
+def test_encode_rejects_invalid_key_length(key_length):
+    with pytest.raises(ValueError):
+        encryption.encode_standard_key_metadata(bytes(key_length))
+
+
[email protected]("data", [b"\x02", b"\x02\x20" + AES128_KEY + 
b"\x00\x00"])
+def test_decode_rejects_unsupported_version(data):
+    with pytest.raises(ValueError, match="Unsupported key metadata version: 
2"):

Review Comment:
   The error-string assertions are pulling in two directions here — this one 
pins nearly the whole sentence (now owned in three places: the Rust `format!`, 
the Rust `assert_eq!`, and this `match=`), while 
`test_decode_rejects_empty_buffer` and `test_encode_rejects_invalid_key_length` 
pin nothing and pass on any `ValueError`.
   
   I'd match a minimal stable fragment throughout — `match=r"version: 2"` here, 
and add `match="Empty key metadata buffer"` / `match="key length"` to the two 
that currently assert type only. That gets you a message check on all three 
without the full-sentence coupling.



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