pvary commented on code in PR #18416:
URL: https://github.com/apache/iceberg/pull/18416#discussion_r4276237447


##########
format/spec.md:
##########
@@ -295,6 +297,12 @@ For details on how to serialize a schema to JSON, see 
Appendix C.
 
 [1001]: <https://portal.ogc.org/files/?artifact_id=25355> "OGC Simple feature 
access"
 
+##### Vector
+
+Every non-null `vector(E, D)` value must contain exactly D non-null elements 
of type E. Floating-point elements must not be `NaN`, positive infinity, or 
negative infinity. The vector value itself may be null when the containing 
field is optional.
+
+No type promotion to or from `vector` is defined, including changes to its 
element type or dimension. Lower and upper bounds are not defined for vector 
values.

Review Comment:
   Thanks for digging into this! I think adding int8 and float16 is a 
relatively small spec change, see #18485.
   
   It gives us a safe, future-proof way to store these values, and AI workloads 
rely heavily on these smaller types. Parquet already defines a representation 
for both (`INT(8, true)` on int32, and `FLOAT16`), so we can reuse it rather 
than wait for the file formats. If we go this way, the width becomes part of 
the schema, engines know the size up front and can plan their internal 
representation and query plan accordingly.



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