wgtmac commented on code in PR #991:
URL: https://github.com/apache/iceberg-cpp/pull/991#discussion_r4279517479


##########
src/iceberg/encryption/standard_key_metadata.h:
##########
@@ -0,0 +1,68 @@
+/*
+ * Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one
+ * or more contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file
+ * distributed with this work for additional information
+ * regarding copyright ownership.  The ASF licenses this file
+ * to you under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the
+ * "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance
+ * with the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *   http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing,
+ * software distributed under the License is distributed on an
+ * "AS IS" BASIS, WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY
+ * KIND, either express or implied.  See the License for the
+ * specific language governing permissions and limitations
+ * under the License.
+ */
+
+#pragma once
+
+/// \file iceberg/encryption/standard_key_metadata.h
+/// Key metadata of the standard Iceberg encryption scheme.
+
+#include <cstdint>
+#include <optional>
+#include <span>
+#include <vector>
+
+#include "iceberg/iceberg_export.h"
+#include "iceberg/result.h"
+
+namespace iceberg {
+
+/// \brief Per-file key metadata of the standard encryption scheme.
+///
+/// Stored in the `key_metadata` field of data files, delete files and 
manifest files,
+/// and (encrypted by a key encryption key) in the table metadata 
`encryption-keys` for
+/// manifest lists.
+///
+/// The serialized form is compatible with Java's StandardKeyMetadata: a 
one-byte schema
+/// version (1) followed by an Avro binary encoded record with the fields
+/// `encryption_key: bytes`, `aad_prefix: union{null, bytes}` and
+/// `file_length: union{null, long}`.
+struct ICEBERG_EXPORT StandardKeyMetadata {

Review Comment:
   Please regenerate and commit `cpp20_compatibility_internal.h` after updating 
to current main. This new installed header needs to be included in the C++20 
public-header check; the new pre-commit hook will otherwise regenerate the file 
and fail.



##########
src/iceberg/encryption/standard_key_metadata.cc:
##########
@@ -0,0 +1,144 @@
+/*
+ * Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one
+ * or more contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file
+ * distributed with this work for additional information
+ * regarding copyright ownership.  The ASF licenses this file
+ * to you under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the
+ * "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance
+ * with the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *   http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing,
+ * software distributed under the License is distributed on an
+ * "AS IS" BASIS, WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY
+ * KIND, either express or implied.  See the License for the
+ * specific language governing permissions and limitations
+ * under the License.
+ */
+
+#include "iceberg/encryption/standard_key_metadata.h"
+
+#include <utility>
+
+#include "iceberg/util/macros.h"
+
+namespace iceberg {
+
+namespace {
+
+void WriteLong(int64_t value, std::vector<uint8_t>& out) {
+  // Avro zig-zag varint encoding
+  auto n = (static_cast<uint64_t>(value) << 1) ^ static_cast<uint64_t>(value 
>> 63);
+  while (n & ~0x7FULL) {
+    out.push_back(static_cast<uint8_t>((n & 0x7F) | 0x80));
+    n >>= 7;
+  }
+  out.push_back(static_cast<uint8_t>(n));
+}
+
+void WriteBytes(std::span<const uint8_t> bytes, std::vector<uint8_t>& out) {
+  WriteLong(static_cast<int64_t>(bytes.size()), out);
+  out.insert(out.end(), bytes.begin(), bytes.end());
+}
+
+class Decoder {
+ public:
+  explicit Decoder(std::span<const uint8_t> buffer) : buffer_(buffer) {}
+
+  Result<int64_t> ReadLong() {
+    uint64_t n = 0;
+    int shift = 0;
+    while (true) {
+      if (pos_ >= buffer_.size()) {
+        return Invalid("Truncated key metadata");
+      }
+      if (shift > 63) {
+        return Invalid("Invalid varint in key metadata");
+      }
+      uint8_t b = buffer_[pos_++];
+      n |= static_cast<uint64_t>(b & 0x7F) << shift;
+      if ((b & 0x80) == 0) {
+        break;
+      }
+      shift += 7;
+    }
+    return static_cast<int64_t>((n >> 1) ^ -(n & 1));
+  }
+
+  Result<std::vector<uint8_t>> ReadBytes() {
+    ICEBERG_ASSIGN_OR_RAISE(auto length, ReadLong());
+    if (length < 0 || std::cmp_greater(length, buffer_.size() - pos_)) {
+      return Invalid("Invalid bytes length in key metadata: {}", length);
+    }
+    std::vector<uint8_t> bytes(buffer_.begin() + pos_, buffer_.begin() + pos_ 
+ length);
+    pos_ += length;
+    return bytes;
+  }
+
+  /// \brief Read the branch index of a ["null", T] union; true if T is 
present.
+  Result<bool> ReadOptionalBranch() {
+    ICEBERG_ASSIGN_OR_RAISE(auto branch, ReadLong());

Review Comment:
   Could union indices follow Avro's int32 decoding rules? `ReadLong()` accepts 
a six-byte encoding of branch zero that Java's `readIndex()` rejects. A 
regression case with `80 80 80 80 80 00` as the union index would capture the 
difference.



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