anuragmantri commented on code in PR #16425:
URL: https://github.com/apache/iceberg/pull/16425#discussion_r4510227218


##########
format/spec.md:
##########
@@ -1801,6 +1804,43 @@ If a delete column in an equality delete file is later 
dropped from the table, i
 
 Manifests hold the same statistics for delete files and data files. For delete 
files, the metrics describe the values that were deleted.
 
+### Column Files
+
+Starting in v4, a data file or v4 leaf manifest may store fields in column 
files listed in [`column_files`](#column-file-fields). A column file can use 
any supported Iceberg file format and must have rows that align with the file 
it modifies.
+
+A column file stores the fields listed in its `field_ids`, each as a whole, 
including all of its nested fields. Each ID must identify a field in the schema 
of the file it modifies, which is the table schema for a data file and the 
tracked file schema for a leaf manifest, or a row lineage field required by 
[Writing Column Files](#writing-column-files). Fields nested within a list or 
map must not be listed in `field_ids`.

Review Comment:
   Thanks, I took these suggestions. Per @huaxingao's suggestion, the overlap 
rule is moved to `column_files` requirements.
   
   I also added one sentence to the read rule: "it applies to each field nested 
in a projected struct". Without it, projecting `customer` when a column file 
lists `address` would read the whole struct, including the old `address`, from 
the data file. 
   



##########
format/spec.md:
##########
@@ -1801,6 +1804,43 @@ If a delete column in an equality delete file is later 
dropped from the table, i
 
 Manifests hold the same statistics for delete files and data files. For delete 
files, the metrics describe the values that were deleted.
 
+### Column Files
+
+Starting in v4, a data file or v4 leaf manifest may store fields in column 
files listed in [`column_files`](#column-file-fields). A column file can use 
any supported Iceberg file format and must have rows that align with the file 
it modifies.
+
+A column file stores the fields listed in its `field_ids`, each as a whole, 
including all of its nested fields. Each ID must identify a field in the schema 
of the file it modifies, which is the table schema for a data file and the 
tracked file schema for a leaf manifest, or a row lineage field required by 
[Writing Column Files](#writing-column-files). Fields nested within a list or 
map must not be listed in `field_ids`.

Review Comment:
   Good catch. The rule now applies when the column file is added, and I added 
"IDs that aren't projected are ignored" in the "Reading" section. Field IDs are 
never reused, so this should be safe.
   



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