flyrain commented on a change in pull request #3471:
URL: https://github.com/apache/iceberg/pull/3471#discussion_r806104745



##########
File path: core/src/main/java/org/apache/iceberg/encryption/EnvelopeConfig.java
##########
@@ -0,0 +1,105 @@
+/*
+ * Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one
+ * or more contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file
+ * distributed with this work for additional information
+ * regarding copyright ownership.  The ASF licenses this file
+ * to you under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the
+ * "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance
+ * with the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *   http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing,
+ * software distributed under the License is distributed on an
+ * "AS IS" BASIS, WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY
+ * KIND, either express or implied.  See the License for the
+ * specific language governing permissions and limitations
+ * under the License.
+ */
+
+package org.apache.iceberg.encryption;
+
+import java.io.Serializable;
+import java.util.Objects;
+import org.apache.iceberg.relocated.com.google.common.base.MoreObjects;
+import org.apache.iceberg.relocated.com.google.common.base.Preconditions;
+
+/**
+ * Configuration for an envelope encryption.
+ */
+public class EnvelopeConfig implements Serializable {
+
+  private final String kekId;
+  private final EncryptionAlgorithm algorithm;
+
+  public EnvelopeConfig(
+          String kekId,
+          EncryptionAlgorithm algorithm) {
+    this.kekId = Preconditions.checkNotNull(kekId,
+            "Cannot construct envelope config because KEK ID is not 
specified");
+    this.algorithm = Preconditions.checkNotNull(algorithm,
+            "Cannot construct envelope config because encryption algorithm is 
not specified");
+  }
+
+  public String kekId() {
+    return kekId;
+  }
+
+  public EncryptionAlgorithm algorithm() {
+    return algorithm;
+  }
+
+  @Override
+  public boolean equals(Object o) {
+    if (this == o) {
+      return true;
+    }
+
+    if (o == null || getClass() != o.getClass()) {
+      return false;
+    }
+
+    EnvelopeConfig config = (EnvelopeConfig) o;
+    return  Objects.equals(kekId, config.kekId) &&
+            algorithm == config.algorithm;
+  }
+
+  @Override
+  public int hashCode() {
+    return Objects.hash(kekId, algorithm);
+  }
+
+  @Override
+  public String toString() {
+    return MoreObjects.toStringHelper(this)
+            .add("kekId", kekId)
+            .add("algorithm", algorithm)
+            .toString();
+  }
+
+  public static Builder builder() {
+    return new Builder();
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * A builder used to create valid {@link EnvelopeConfig}.
+   */
+  public static class Builder {
+    private String kekId;
+    private EncryptionAlgorithm algorithm;
+
+    public Builder singleWrap(String keyId) {
+      this.kekId = keyId;
+      return this;
+    }
+
+    public Builder useAlgorithm(EncryptionAlgorithm encryptionAlgorithm) {
+      this.algorithm = encryptionAlgorithm;
+      return this;
+    }
+
+    public EnvelopeConfig build() {
+      return new EnvelopeConfig(kekId, algorithm);
+    }
+  }
+}

Review comment:
       Sure, we can keep the builder if it is going to be used, and make the 
constructor private.

##########
File path: 
core/src/main/java/org/apache/iceberg/encryption/EnvelopeEncryptionManager.java
##########
@@ -0,0 +1,146 @@
+/*
+ * Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one
+ * or more contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file
+ * distributed with this work for additional information
+ * regarding copyright ownership.  The ASF licenses this file
+ * to you under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the
+ * "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance
+ * with the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *   http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing,
+ * software distributed under the License is distributed on an
+ * "AS IS" BASIS, WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY
+ * KIND, either express or implied.  See the License for the
+ * specific language governing permissions and limitations
+ * under the License.
+ */
+
+package org.apache.iceberg.encryption;
+
+import java.nio.ByteBuffer;
+import java.security.SecureRandom;
+import java.util.Map;
+import org.apache.iceberg.common.DynConstructors;
+import org.apache.iceberg.io.InputFile;
+import org.apache.iceberg.io.OutputFile;
+import org.apache.iceberg.relocated.com.google.common.base.Preconditions;
+
+/**
+ * Encryption manager that performs envelope encryption.
+ * <p>
+ */
+public class EnvelopeEncryptionManager implements EncryptionManager {
+  private final EnvelopeConfig dataEncryptionConfig;
+  private final boolean pushdown;
+  private final KmsClient kmsClient;
+  private final int dataKeyLength;
+
+  private transient volatile SecureRandom workerRNG = null;
+
+  public EnvelopeEncryptionManager(
+      boolean pushdown,  EnvelopeConfig dataEncryptionConfig,
+      KmsClient kmsClient, int dataKeyLength) {
+    if (!pushdown) {
+      throw new UnsupportedOperationException("EnvelopeEncryptionManager 
currently supports only pushdown " +
+          "data encryption / decryption");
+    }
+    this.dataEncryptionConfig = 
Preconditions.checkNotNull(dataEncryptionConfig,
+        "Cannot create EnvelopeEncryptionManager because data encryption 
config is not passed");
+    Preconditions.checkNotNull(dataEncryptionConfig.kekId(),
+        "Cannot create EnvelopeEncryptionManager because table key encryption 
key ID is not specified");
+    this.kmsClient = Preconditions.checkNotNull(kmsClient,
+        "Cannot create EnvelopeEncryptionManager because KmsClient is null");
+    this.pushdown = pushdown;
+    this.dataKeyLength = dataKeyLength;
+  }
+
+  @Override
+  public EncryptedOutputFile encrypt(OutputFile rawOutput) {
+    EnvelopeMetadata metadata = generateEnvelopeMetadata(dataEncryptionConfig);
+
+    // Pushdown to data formats with native encryption support (such as 
Parquet)
+    NativeFileCryptoParameters nativeEncryptParams = 
NativeFileCryptoParameters.create(metadata.dek())

Review comment:
       I'd prefer to check the class member `pushdown` even though non-pushdown 
is not supported at this moment.   

##########
File path: 
core/src/main/java/org/apache/iceberg/encryption/EnvelopeEncryptionManager.java
##########
@@ -0,0 +1,146 @@
+/*
+ * Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one
+ * or more contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file
+ * distributed with this work for additional information
+ * regarding copyright ownership.  The ASF licenses this file
+ * to you under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the
+ * "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance
+ * with the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *   http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing,
+ * software distributed under the License is distributed on an
+ * "AS IS" BASIS, WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY
+ * KIND, either express or implied.  See the License for the
+ * specific language governing permissions and limitations
+ * under the License.
+ */
+
+package org.apache.iceberg.encryption;
+
+import java.nio.ByteBuffer;
+import java.security.SecureRandom;
+import java.util.Map;
+import org.apache.iceberg.common.DynConstructors;
+import org.apache.iceberg.io.InputFile;
+import org.apache.iceberg.io.OutputFile;
+import org.apache.iceberg.relocated.com.google.common.base.Preconditions;
+
+/**
+ * Encryption manager that performs envelope encryption.
+ * <p>
+ */
+public class EnvelopeEncryptionManager implements EncryptionManager {
+  private final EnvelopeConfig dataEncryptionConfig;
+  private final boolean pushdown;
+  private final KmsClient kmsClient;
+  private final int dataKeyLength;
+
+  private transient volatile SecureRandom workerRNG = null;
+
+  public EnvelopeEncryptionManager(
+      boolean pushdown,  EnvelopeConfig dataEncryptionConfig,
+      KmsClient kmsClient, int dataKeyLength) {
+    if (!pushdown) {
+      throw new UnsupportedOperationException("EnvelopeEncryptionManager 
currently supports only pushdown " +
+          "data encryption / decryption");
+    }
+    this.dataEncryptionConfig = 
Preconditions.checkNotNull(dataEncryptionConfig,
+        "Cannot create EnvelopeEncryptionManager because data encryption 
config is not passed");
+    Preconditions.checkNotNull(dataEncryptionConfig.kekId(),
+        "Cannot create EnvelopeEncryptionManager because table key encryption 
key ID is not specified");
+    this.kmsClient = Preconditions.checkNotNull(kmsClient,
+        "Cannot create EnvelopeEncryptionManager because KmsClient is null");
+    this.pushdown = pushdown;
+    this.dataKeyLength = dataKeyLength;
+  }
+
+  @Override
+  public EncryptedOutputFile encrypt(OutputFile rawOutput) {
+    EnvelopeMetadata metadata = generateEnvelopeMetadata(dataEncryptionConfig);
+
+    // Pushdown to data formats with native encryption support (such as 
Parquet)
+    NativeFileCryptoParameters nativeEncryptParams = 
NativeFileCryptoParameters.create(metadata.dek())

Review comment:
       I'd prefer to check the class member `pushdown` even though non-pushdown 
is not supported at this moment. The same to the method `decrypt`.

##########
File path: 
core/src/main/java/org/apache/iceberg/encryption/EnvelopeEncryptionManager.java
##########
@@ -0,0 +1,146 @@
+/*
+ * Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one
+ * or more contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file
+ * distributed with this work for additional information
+ * regarding copyright ownership.  The ASF licenses this file
+ * to you under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the
+ * "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance
+ * with the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *   http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing,
+ * software distributed under the License is distributed on an
+ * "AS IS" BASIS, WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY
+ * KIND, either express or implied.  See the License for the
+ * specific language governing permissions and limitations
+ * under the License.
+ */
+
+package org.apache.iceberg.encryption;
+
+import java.nio.ByteBuffer;
+import java.security.SecureRandom;
+import java.util.Map;
+import org.apache.iceberg.common.DynConstructors;
+import org.apache.iceberg.io.InputFile;
+import org.apache.iceberg.io.OutputFile;
+import org.apache.iceberg.relocated.com.google.common.base.Preconditions;
+
+/**
+ * Encryption manager that performs envelope encryption.
+ * <p>
+ */
+public class EnvelopeEncryptionManager implements EncryptionManager {
+  private final EnvelopeConfig dataEncryptionConfig;
+  private final boolean pushdown;
+  private final KmsClient kmsClient;
+  private final int dataKeyLength;
+
+  private transient volatile SecureRandom workerRNG = null;
+
+  public EnvelopeEncryptionManager(
+      boolean pushdown,  EnvelopeConfig dataEncryptionConfig,
+      KmsClient kmsClient, int dataKeyLength) {
+    if (!pushdown) {
+      throw new UnsupportedOperationException("EnvelopeEncryptionManager 
currently supports only pushdown " +
+          "data encryption / decryption");
+    }
+    this.dataEncryptionConfig = 
Preconditions.checkNotNull(dataEncryptionConfig,
+        "Cannot create EnvelopeEncryptionManager because data encryption 
config is not passed");
+    Preconditions.checkNotNull(dataEncryptionConfig.kekId(),
+        "Cannot create EnvelopeEncryptionManager because table key encryption 
key ID is not specified");
+    this.kmsClient = Preconditions.checkNotNull(kmsClient,
+        "Cannot create EnvelopeEncryptionManager because KmsClient is null");
+    this.pushdown = pushdown;
+    this.dataKeyLength = dataKeyLength;
+  }
+
+  @Override
+  public EncryptedOutputFile encrypt(OutputFile rawOutput) {
+    EnvelopeMetadata metadata = generateEnvelopeMetadata(dataEncryptionConfig);
+
+    // Pushdown to data formats with native encryption support (such as 
Parquet)
+    NativeFileCryptoParameters nativeEncryptParams = 
NativeFileCryptoParameters.create(metadata.dek())

Review comment:
       ```
   if(pushdown) {
     return nativeEncrypt(output);
   } else {
     throw new Exception();
   }

##########
File path: 
core/src/main/java/org/apache/iceberg/encryption/EnvelopeEncryptionManager.java
##########
@@ -0,0 +1,146 @@
+/*
+ * Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one
+ * or more contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file
+ * distributed with this work for additional information
+ * regarding copyright ownership.  The ASF licenses this file
+ * to you under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the
+ * "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance
+ * with the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *   http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing,
+ * software distributed under the License is distributed on an
+ * "AS IS" BASIS, WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY
+ * KIND, either express or implied.  See the License for the
+ * specific language governing permissions and limitations
+ * under the License.
+ */
+
+package org.apache.iceberg.encryption;
+
+import java.nio.ByteBuffer;
+import java.security.SecureRandom;
+import java.util.Map;
+import org.apache.iceberg.common.DynConstructors;
+import org.apache.iceberg.io.InputFile;
+import org.apache.iceberg.io.OutputFile;
+import org.apache.iceberg.relocated.com.google.common.base.Preconditions;
+
+/**
+ * Encryption manager that performs envelope encryption.
+ * <p>
+ */
+public class EnvelopeEncryptionManager implements EncryptionManager {
+  private final EnvelopeConfig dataEncryptionConfig;
+  private final boolean pushdown;
+  private final KmsClient kmsClient;
+  private final int dataKeyLength;
+
+  private transient volatile SecureRandom workerRNG = null;
+
+  public EnvelopeEncryptionManager(
+      boolean pushdown,  EnvelopeConfig dataEncryptionConfig,
+      KmsClient kmsClient, int dataKeyLength) {
+    if (!pushdown) {
+      throw new UnsupportedOperationException("EnvelopeEncryptionManager 
currently supports only pushdown " +
+          "data encryption / decryption");
+    }
+    this.dataEncryptionConfig = 
Preconditions.checkNotNull(dataEncryptionConfig,
+        "Cannot create EnvelopeEncryptionManager because data encryption 
config is not passed");
+    Preconditions.checkNotNull(dataEncryptionConfig.kekId(),
+        "Cannot create EnvelopeEncryptionManager because table key encryption 
key ID is not specified");
+    this.kmsClient = Preconditions.checkNotNull(kmsClient,
+        "Cannot create EnvelopeEncryptionManager because KmsClient is null");
+    this.pushdown = pushdown;
+    this.dataKeyLength = dataKeyLength;
+  }
+
+  @Override
+  public EncryptedOutputFile encrypt(OutputFile rawOutput) {
+    EnvelopeMetadata metadata = generateEnvelopeMetadata(dataEncryptionConfig);
+
+    // Pushdown to data formats with native encryption support (such as 
Parquet)
+    NativeFileCryptoParameters nativeEncryptParams = 
NativeFileCryptoParameters.create(metadata.dek())
+        .encryptionAlgorithm(metadata.algorithm().toString())
+        .build();
+
+    try {

Review comment:
       The precondition check would looks simpler than `try... catch`
   ```
   Preconditions.checkArgument(rawOutput instanceof NativelyEncryptedFile, "");
   ```

##########
File path: 
core/src/main/java/org/apache/iceberg/encryption/EnvelopeEncryptionManager.java
##########
@@ -0,0 +1,146 @@
+/*
+ * Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one
+ * or more contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file
+ * distributed with this work for additional information
+ * regarding copyright ownership.  The ASF licenses this file
+ * to you under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the
+ * "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance
+ * with the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *   http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing,
+ * software distributed under the License is distributed on an
+ * "AS IS" BASIS, WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY
+ * KIND, either express or implied.  See the License for the
+ * specific language governing permissions and limitations
+ * under the License.
+ */
+
+package org.apache.iceberg.encryption;
+
+import java.nio.ByteBuffer;
+import java.security.SecureRandom;
+import java.util.Map;
+import org.apache.iceberg.common.DynConstructors;
+import org.apache.iceberg.io.InputFile;
+import org.apache.iceberg.io.OutputFile;
+import org.apache.iceberg.relocated.com.google.common.base.Preconditions;
+
+/**
+ * Encryption manager that performs envelope encryption.
+ * <p>
+ */
+public class EnvelopeEncryptionManager implements EncryptionManager {
+  private final EnvelopeConfig dataEncryptionConfig;
+  private final boolean pushdown;
+  private final KmsClient kmsClient;
+  private final int dataKeyLength;
+
+  private transient volatile SecureRandom workerRNG = null;
+
+  public EnvelopeEncryptionManager(
+      boolean pushdown,  EnvelopeConfig dataEncryptionConfig,
+      KmsClient kmsClient, int dataKeyLength) {
+    if (!pushdown) {
+      throw new UnsupportedOperationException("EnvelopeEncryptionManager 
currently supports only pushdown " +
+          "data encryption / decryption");
+    }
+    this.dataEncryptionConfig = 
Preconditions.checkNotNull(dataEncryptionConfig,
+        "Cannot create EnvelopeEncryptionManager because data encryption 
config is not passed");
+    Preconditions.checkNotNull(dataEncryptionConfig.kekId(),
+        "Cannot create EnvelopeEncryptionManager because table key encryption 
key ID is not specified");
+    this.kmsClient = Preconditions.checkNotNull(kmsClient,
+        "Cannot create EnvelopeEncryptionManager because KmsClient is null");
+    this.pushdown = pushdown;
+    this.dataKeyLength = dataKeyLength;
+  }
+
+  @Override
+  public EncryptedOutputFile encrypt(OutputFile rawOutput) {
+    EnvelopeMetadata metadata = generateEnvelopeMetadata(dataEncryptionConfig);
+
+    // Pushdown to data formats with native encryption support (such as 
Parquet)
+    NativeFileCryptoParameters nativeEncryptParams = 
NativeFileCryptoParameters.create(metadata.dek())
+        .encryptionAlgorithm(metadata.algorithm().toString())
+        .build();
+
+    try {
+      ((NativelyEncryptedFile) 
rawOutput).setNativeCryptoParameters(nativeEncryptParams);
+    } catch (ClassCastException e) {
+      throw new RuntimeException("Can't natively encrypt " + 
rawOutput.location() + " because the class " +
+          rawOutput.getClass() + " doesn't implement NativelyEncryptedFile 
interface", e);
+    }
+
+    return new BaseEncryptedOutputFile(rawOutput, metadata);
+  }
+
+  @Override
+  public InputFile decrypt(EncryptedInputFile encrypted) {
+    EnvelopeMetadata metadata = 
EnvelopeMetadataParser.fromJson(encrypted.keyMetadata().buffer());
+    ByteBuffer fileDek = kmsClient.unwrapKey(metadata.wrappedDek(), 
metadata.kekId());
+
+    // Pushdown to data formats with native decryption support (such as 
Parquet)
+    NativeFileCryptoParameters nativeDecryptParams = 
NativeFileCryptoParameters.create(fileDek).build();
+    InputFile rawInput = encrypted.encryptedInputFile();
+
+    try {
+      ((NativelyEncryptedFile) 
rawInput).setNativeCryptoParameters(nativeDecryptParams);
+    } catch (ClassCastException e) {
+      throw new RuntimeException("Can't natively decrypt " + 
rawInput.location() + " because the class " +
+          rawInput.getClass() + " doesn't implement NativelyEncryptedFile 
interface", e);
+    }
+
+    return rawInput;
+  }
+
+  private EnvelopeMetadata generateEnvelopeMetadata(EnvelopeConfig config) {
+    if (null == workerRNG) {
+      workerRNG = new SecureRandom();
+    }
+
+    String tableKekID = config.kekId();
+    byte[] fileDek;
+    String wrappedFileDEK;
+
+    if (kmsClient.supportsKeyGeneration()) {
+      KmsClient.KeyGenerationResult generatedDek = 
kmsClient.generateKey(tableKekID);
+      fileDek = generatedDek.key().array();
+      wrappedFileDEK = generatedDek.wrappedKey();
+    } else {
+      fileDek = new byte[dataKeyLength];
+      workerRNG.nextBytes(fileDek);
+      wrappedFileDEK = kmsClient.wrapKey(ByteBuffer.wrap(fileDek), tableKekID);
+    }
+
+    EnvelopeMetadata fileEnvelopeMetadata = new EnvelopeMetadata(tableKekID, 
wrappedFileDEK, null,
+            config.algorithm());

Review comment:
       Nit: these two lines can be in one line.

##########
File path: 
core/src/main/java/org/apache/iceberg/encryption/EnvelopeEncryptionManager.java
##########
@@ -0,0 +1,146 @@
+/*
+ * Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one
+ * or more contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file
+ * distributed with this work for additional information
+ * regarding copyright ownership.  The ASF licenses this file
+ * to you under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the
+ * "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance
+ * with the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *   http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing,
+ * software distributed under the License is distributed on an
+ * "AS IS" BASIS, WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY
+ * KIND, either express or implied.  See the License for the
+ * specific language governing permissions and limitations
+ * under the License.
+ */
+
+package org.apache.iceberg.encryption;
+
+import java.nio.ByteBuffer;
+import java.security.SecureRandom;
+import java.util.Map;
+import org.apache.iceberg.common.DynConstructors;
+import org.apache.iceberg.io.InputFile;
+import org.apache.iceberg.io.OutputFile;
+import org.apache.iceberg.relocated.com.google.common.base.Preconditions;
+
+/**
+ * Encryption manager that performs envelope encryption.
+ * <p>
+ */
+public class EnvelopeEncryptionManager implements EncryptionManager {
+  private final EnvelopeConfig dataEncryptionConfig;
+  private final boolean pushdown;
+  private final KmsClient kmsClient;
+  private final int dataKeyLength;
+
+  private transient volatile SecureRandom workerRNG = null;
+
+  public EnvelopeEncryptionManager(
+      boolean pushdown,  EnvelopeConfig dataEncryptionConfig,
+      KmsClient kmsClient, int dataKeyLength) {
+    if (!pushdown) {
+      throw new UnsupportedOperationException("EnvelopeEncryptionManager 
currently supports only pushdown " +
+          "data encryption / decryption");
+    }
+    this.dataEncryptionConfig = 
Preconditions.checkNotNull(dataEncryptionConfig,
+        "Cannot create EnvelopeEncryptionManager because data encryption 
config is not passed");
+    Preconditions.checkNotNull(dataEncryptionConfig.kekId(),
+        "Cannot create EnvelopeEncryptionManager because table key encryption 
key ID is not specified");
+    this.kmsClient = Preconditions.checkNotNull(kmsClient,
+        "Cannot create EnvelopeEncryptionManager because KmsClient is null");
+    this.pushdown = pushdown;
+    this.dataKeyLength = dataKeyLength;
+  }
+
+  @Override
+  public EncryptedOutputFile encrypt(OutputFile rawOutput) {
+    EnvelopeMetadata metadata = generateEnvelopeMetadata(dataEncryptionConfig);
+
+    // Pushdown to data formats with native encryption support (such as 
Parquet)
+    NativeFileCryptoParameters nativeEncryptParams = 
NativeFileCryptoParameters.create(metadata.dek())
+        .encryptionAlgorithm(metadata.algorithm().toString())
+        .build();
+
+    try {
+      ((NativelyEncryptedFile) 
rawOutput).setNativeCryptoParameters(nativeEncryptParams);
+    } catch (ClassCastException e) {
+      throw new RuntimeException("Can't natively encrypt " + 
rawOutput.location() + " because the class " +
+          rawOutput.getClass() + " doesn't implement NativelyEncryptedFile 
interface", e);
+    }
+
+    return new BaseEncryptedOutputFile(rawOutput, metadata);
+  }
+
+  @Override
+  public InputFile decrypt(EncryptedInputFile encrypted) {
+    EnvelopeMetadata metadata = 
EnvelopeMetadataParser.fromJson(encrypted.keyMetadata().buffer());
+    ByteBuffer fileDek = kmsClient.unwrapKey(metadata.wrappedDek(), 
metadata.kekId());
+
+    // Pushdown to data formats with native decryption support (such as 
Parquet)
+    NativeFileCryptoParameters nativeDecryptParams = 
NativeFileCryptoParameters.create(fileDek).build();
+    InputFile rawInput = encrypted.encryptedInputFile();
+
+    try {
+      ((NativelyEncryptedFile) 
rawInput).setNativeCryptoParameters(nativeDecryptParams);
+    } catch (ClassCastException e) {
+      throw new RuntimeException("Can't natively decrypt " + 
rawInput.location() + " because the class " +
+          rawInput.getClass() + " doesn't implement NativelyEncryptedFile 
interface", e);
+    }
+
+    return rawInput;
+  }
+
+  private EnvelopeMetadata generateEnvelopeMetadata(EnvelopeConfig config) {
+    if (null == workerRNG) {
+      workerRNG = new SecureRandom();
+    }
+
+    String tableKekID = config.kekId();
+    byte[] fileDek;
+    String wrappedFileDEK;
+
+    if (kmsClient.supportsKeyGeneration()) {
+      KmsClient.KeyGenerationResult generatedDek = 
kmsClient.generateKey(tableKekID);
+      fileDek = generatedDek.key().array();
+      wrappedFileDEK = generatedDek.wrappedKey();
+    } else {
+      fileDek = new byte[dataKeyLength];
+      workerRNG.nextBytes(fileDek);
+      wrappedFileDEK = kmsClient.wrapKey(ByteBuffer.wrap(fileDek), tableKekID);
+    }
+
+    EnvelopeMetadata fileEnvelopeMetadata = new EnvelopeMetadata(tableKekID, 
wrappedFileDEK, null,
+            config.algorithm());
+    fileEnvelopeMetadata.setDek(ByteBuffer.wrap(fileDek));
+
+    return fileEnvelopeMetadata;
+  }
+
+  public static KmsClient loadKmsClient(String classPath, Map<String, String> 
properties) {
+    Preconditions.checkNotNull(classPath,
+        "Cannot initialize KmsClient, class name is null");

Review comment:
       Nit: can be in one line.

##########
File path: 
core/src/main/java/org/apache/iceberg/encryption/EnvelopeEncryptionManager.java
##########
@@ -0,0 +1,146 @@
+/*
+ * Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one
+ * or more contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file
+ * distributed with this work for additional information
+ * regarding copyright ownership.  The ASF licenses this file
+ * to you under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the
+ * "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance
+ * with the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *   http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing,
+ * software distributed under the License is distributed on an
+ * "AS IS" BASIS, WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY
+ * KIND, either express or implied.  See the License for the
+ * specific language governing permissions and limitations
+ * under the License.
+ */
+
+package org.apache.iceberg.encryption;
+
+import java.nio.ByteBuffer;
+import java.security.SecureRandom;
+import java.util.Map;
+import org.apache.iceberg.common.DynConstructors;
+import org.apache.iceberg.io.InputFile;
+import org.apache.iceberg.io.OutputFile;
+import org.apache.iceberg.relocated.com.google.common.base.Preconditions;
+
+/**
+ * Encryption manager that performs envelope encryption.
+ * <p>
+ */
+public class EnvelopeEncryptionManager implements EncryptionManager {
+  private final EnvelopeConfig dataEncryptionConfig;
+  private final boolean pushdown;
+  private final KmsClient kmsClient;
+  private final int dataKeyLength;
+
+  private transient volatile SecureRandom workerRNG = null;
+
+  public EnvelopeEncryptionManager(
+      boolean pushdown,  EnvelopeConfig dataEncryptionConfig,
+      KmsClient kmsClient, int dataKeyLength) {
+    if (!pushdown) {
+      throw new UnsupportedOperationException("EnvelopeEncryptionManager 
currently supports only pushdown " +
+          "data encryption / decryption");
+    }
+    this.dataEncryptionConfig = 
Preconditions.checkNotNull(dataEncryptionConfig,
+        "Cannot create EnvelopeEncryptionManager because data encryption 
config is not passed");
+    Preconditions.checkNotNull(dataEncryptionConfig.kekId(),
+        "Cannot create EnvelopeEncryptionManager because table key encryption 
key ID is not specified");
+    this.kmsClient = Preconditions.checkNotNull(kmsClient,
+        "Cannot create EnvelopeEncryptionManager because KmsClient is null");
+    this.pushdown = pushdown;
+    this.dataKeyLength = dataKeyLength;
+  }
+
+  @Override
+  public EncryptedOutputFile encrypt(OutputFile rawOutput) {
+    EnvelopeMetadata metadata = generateEnvelopeMetadata(dataEncryptionConfig);
+
+    // Pushdown to data formats with native encryption support (such as 
Parquet)
+    NativeFileCryptoParameters nativeEncryptParams = 
NativeFileCryptoParameters.create(metadata.dek())
+        .encryptionAlgorithm(metadata.algorithm().toString())
+        .build();
+
+    try {
+      ((NativelyEncryptedFile) 
rawOutput).setNativeCryptoParameters(nativeEncryptParams);
+    } catch (ClassCastException e) {
+      throw new RuntimeException("Can't natively encrypt " + 
rawOutput.location() + " because the class " +
+          rawOutput.getClass() + " doesn't implement NativelyEncryptedFile 
interface", e);
+    }
+
+    return new BaseEncryptedOutputFile(rawOutput, metadata);
+  }
+
+  @Override
+  public InputFile decrypt(EncryptedInputFile encrypted) {
+    EnvelopeMetadata metadata = 
EnvelopeMetadataParser.fromJson(encrypted.keyMetadata().buffer());
+    ByteBuffer fileDek = kmsClient.unwrapKey(metadata.wrappedDek(), 
metadata.kekId());
+
+    // Pushdown to data formats with native decryption support (such as 
Parquet)
+    NativeFileCryptoParameters nativeDecryptParams = 
NativeFileCryptoParameters.create(fileDek).build();
+    InputFile rawInput = encrypted.encryptedInputFile();
+
+    try {
+      ((NativelyEncryptedFile) 
rawInput).setNativeCryptoParameters(nativeDecryptParams);
+    } catch (ClassCastException e) {
+      throw new RuntimeException("Can't natively decrypt " + 
rawInput.location() + " because the class " +
+          rawInput.getClass() + " doesn't implement NativelyEncryptedFile 
interface", e);
+    }
+
+    return rawInput;
+  }
+
+  private EnvelopeMetadata generateEnvelopeMetadata(EnvelopeConfig config) {
+    if (null == workerRNG) {
+      workerRNG = new SecureRandom();
+    }
+
+    String tableKekID = config.kekId();
+    byte[] fileDek;
+    String wrappedFileDEK;
+
+    if (kmsClient.supportsKeyGeneration()) {
+      KmsClient.KeyGenerationResult generatedDek = 
kmsClient.generateKey(tableKekID);
+      fileDek = generatedDek.key().array();
+      wrappedFileDEK = generatedDek.wrappedKey();
+    } else {

Review comment:
       Suggest to move line 98 and 99 here. The SecureRandom is not needed in 
case of Kms client key generation.

##########
File path: 
core/src/main/java/org/apache/iceberg/encryption/EnvelopeMetadata.java
##########
@@ -0,0 +1,142 @@
+/*
+ * Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one
+ * or more contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file
+ * distributed with this work for additional information
+ * regarding copyright ownership.  The ASF licenses this file
+ * to you under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the
+ * "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance
+ * with the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *   http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing,
+ * software distributed under the License is distributed on an
+ * "AS IS" BASIS, WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY
+ * KIND, either express or implied.  See the License for the
+ * specific language governing permissions and limitations
+ * under the License.
+ */
+
+package org.apache.iceberg.encryption;
+
+import java.nio.ByteBuffer;
+import java.util.Arrays;
+import java.util.Objects;
+import org.apache.iceberg.relocated.com.google.common.base.MoreObjects;
+import org.apache.iceberg.relocated.com.google.common.base.Preconditions;
+
+/**
+ * Envelope encryption metadata used to encrypt and decrypt data.
+ * Information except plaintext KEK and DEK can be serialized and stored.
+ */
+public class EnvelopeMetadata implements EncryptionKeyMetadata {
+
+  private final String kekId;
+  private final String wrappedDek;
+  private final byte[] iv;
+  private final EncryptionAlgorithm algorithm;
+
+  // fields that are expected to be updated later
+  private byte[] kek;
+  private byte[] dek;
+
+  public EnvelopeMetadata(

Review comment:
       Nit: they can be in the same line.

##########
File path: 
core/src/main/java/org/apache/iceberg/encryption/EnvelopeMetadata.java
##########
@@ -0,0 +1,142 @@
+/*
+ * Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one
+ * or more contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file
+ * distributed with this work for additional information
+ * regarding copyright ownership.  The ASF licenses this file
+ * to you under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the
+ * "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance
+ * with the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *   http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing,
+ * software distributed under the License is distributed on an
+ * "AS IS" BASIS, WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY
+ * KIND, either express or implied.  See the License for the
+ * specific language governing permissions and limitations
+ * under the License.
+ */
+
+package org.apache.iceberg.encryption;
+
+import java.nio.ByteBuffer;
+import java.util.Arrays;
+import java.util.Objects;
+import org.apache.iceberg.relocated.com.google.common.base.MoreObjects;
+import org.apache.iceberg.relocated.com.google.common.base.Preconditions;
+
+/**
+ * Envelope encryption metadata used to encrypt and decrypt data.
+ * Information except plaintext KEK and DEK can be serialized and stored.
+ */
+public class EnvelopeMetadata implements EncryptionKeyMetadata {
+
+  private final String kekId;
+  private final String wrappedDek;
+  private final byte[] iv;
+  private final EncryptionAlgorithm algorithm;
+
+  // fields that are expected to be updated later
+  private byte[] kek;
+  private byte[] dek;
+
+  public EnvelopeMetadata(
+          String kekId,
+          String wrappedDek,
+          ByteBuffer iv,
+          EncryptionAlgorithm algorithm) {
+    this.kekId = Preconditions.checkNotNull(kekId,
+            "Cannot construct envelope metadata because KEK ID is not 
specified");
+    this.wrappedDek = wrappedDek;
+    this.iv = iv == null ? null : iv.array();
+    this.algorithm = Preconditions.checkNotNull(algorithm,
+              "Cannot construct envelope metadata because encryption algorithm 
is not specified");
+  }
+
+  public String kekId() {
+    return kekId;
+  }
+
+  public ByteBuffer kek() {
+    return kek == null ? null : ByteBuffer.wrap(kek);
+  }
+
+  public ByteBuffer dek() {
+    return dek == null ? null : ByteBuffer.wrap(dek);
+  }
+
+  public String wrappedDek() {
+    return wrappedDek;
+  }
+
+  public ByteBuffer iv() {
+    return iv == null ? null : ByteBuffer.wrap(iv);
+  }
+
+  public EncryptionAlgorithm algorithm() {
+    return algorithm;
+  }
+
+  public void setKek(ByteBuffer kekBuffer) {
+    this.kek = kekBuffer == null ? null : kekBuffer.array();
+  }
+
+  public void setDek(ByteBuffer dekBuffer) {
+    this.dek = dekBuffer == null ? null : dekBuffer.array();
+  }
+
+  @Override
+  public ByteBuffer buffer() {
+    return EnvelopeMetadataParser.toJson(this);
+  }
+
+  @Override
+  public EncryptionKeyMetadata copy() {
+    EnvelopeMetadata metadata = new EnvelopeMetadata(kekId(), wrappedDek(),
+            iv(), algorithm());

Review comment:
       Nit: they can be in the same line.

##########
File path: 
core/src/main/java/org/apache/iceberg/encryption/EnvelopeMetadata.java
##########
@@ -0,0 +1,142 @@
+/*
+ * Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one
+ * or more contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file
+ * distributed with this work for additional information
+ * regarding copyright ownership.  The ASF licenses this file
+ * to you under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the
+ * "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance
+ * with the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *   http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing,
+ * software distributed under the License is distributed on an
+ * "AS IS" BASIS, WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY
+ * KIND, either express or implied.  See the License for the
+ * specific language governing permissions and limitations
+ * under the License.
+ */
+
+package org.apache.iceberg.encryption;
+
+import java.nio.ByteBuffer;
+import java.util.Arrays;
+import java.util.Objects;
+import org.apache.iceberg.relocated.com.google.common.base.MoreObjects;
+import org.apache.iceberg.relocated.com.google.common.base.Preconditions;
+
+/**
+ * Envelope encryption metadata used to encrypt and decrypt data.
+ * Information except plaintext KEK and DEK can be serialized and stored.
+ */
+public class EnvelopeMetadata implements EncryptionKeyMetadata {
+
+  private final String kekId;
+  private final String wrappedDek;
+  private final byte[] iv;
+  private final EncryptionAlgorithm algorithm;
+
+  // fields that are expected to be updated later
+  private byte[] kek;
+  private byte[] dek;
+
+  public EnvelopeMetadata(
+          String kekId,
+          String wrappedDek,
+          ByteBuffer iv,
+          EncryptionAlgorithm algorithm) {
+    this.kekId = Preconditions.checkNotNull(kekId,
+            "Cannot construct envelope metadata because KEK ID is not 
specified");
+    this.wrappedDek = wrappedDek;
+    this.iv = iv == null ? null : iv.array();
+    this.algorithm = Preconditions.checkNotNull(algorithm,
+              "Cannot construct envelope metadata because encryption algorithm 
is not specified");
+  }
+
+  public String kekId() {
+    return kekId;
+  }
+
+  public ByteBuffer kek() {
+    return kek == null ? null : ByteBuffer.wrap(kek);
+  }
+
+  public ByteBuffer dek() {
+    return dek == null ? null : ByteBuffer.wrap(dek);
+  }
+
+  public String wrappedDek() {
+    return wrappedDek;
+  }
+
+  public ByteBuffer iv() {
+    return iv == null ? null : ByteBuffer.wrap(iv);
+  }
+
+  public EncryptionAlgorithm algorithm() {
+    return algorithm;
+  }
+
+  public void setKek(ByteBuffer kekBuffer) {
+    this.kek = kekBuffer == null ? null : kekBuffer.array();
+  }
+
+  public void setDek(ByteBuffer dekBuffer) {
+    this.dek = dekBuffer == null ? null : dekBuffer.array();
+  }
+
+  @Override
+  public ByteBuffer buffer() {
+    return EnvelopeMetadataParser.toJson(this);
+  }
+
+  @Override
+  public EncryptionKeyMetadata copy() {
+    EnvelopeMetadata metadata = new EnvelopeMetadata(kekId(), wrappedDek(),
+            iv(), algorithm());
+    metadata.setDek(dek());
+    metadata.setKek(kek());
+    return metadata;
+  }
+
+  @Override
+  public boolean equals(Object other) {
+    if (this == other) {
+      return true;
+    }
+
+    if (other == null || getClass() != other.getClass()) {
+      return false;
+    }
+
+    EnvelopeMetadata metadata = (EnvelopeMetadata) other;
+    return  Objects.equals(kekId, metadata.kekId) &&
+            Objects.equals(wrappedDek, metadata.wrappedDek) &&
+            Arrays.equals(iv, metadata.iv) &&
+            algorithm == metadata.algorithm &&
+            Arrays.equals(kek, metadata.kek) &&
+            Arrays.equals(dek, metadata.dek);
+  }
+
+  @Override
+  public int hashCode() {
+    int result = Objects.hash(kekId, algorithm);
+    result = 31 * result + Objects.hashCode(wrappedDek);
+    result = 31 * result + Arrays.hashCode(iv);
+    result = 31 * result + Arrays.hashCode(kek);
+    result = 31 * result + Arrays.hashCode(dek);
+    return result;
+  }
+
+  @Override
+  public String toString() {
+    return MoreObjects.toStringHelper(this)
+            .add("kekId", kekId)
+            .add("wrappedDek", wrappedDek)
+            .add("iv", iv)
+            .add("algorithm", algorithm)
+            .add("kek", kek == null ? "null" : "(redacted)")
+            .add("dek", dek == null ? "null" : "(redacted)")
+            .toString();

Review comment:
       Nit: indentation is off. We use 4 chars as the line wrap indentation.

##########
File path: 
core/src/main/java/org/apache/iceberg/encryption/EnvelopeMetadata.java
##########
@@ -0,0 +1,142 @@
+/*
+ * Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one
+ * or more contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file
+ * distributed with this work for additional information
+ * regarding copyright ownership.  The ASF licenses this file
+ * to you under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the
+ * "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance
+ * with the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *   http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing,
+ * software distributed under the License is distributed on an
+ * "AS IS" BASIS, WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY
+ * KIND, either express or implied.  See the License for the
+ * specific language governing permissions and limitations
+ * under the License.
+ */
+
+package org.apache.iceberg.encryption;
+
+import java.nio.ByteBuffer;
+import java.util.Arrays;
+import java.util.Objects;
+import org.apache.iceberg.relocated.com.google.common.base.MoreObjects;
+import org.apache.iceberg.relocated.com.google.common.base.Preconditions;
+
+/**
+ * Envelope encryption metadata used to encrypt and decrypt data.
+ * Information except plaintext KEK and DEK can be serialized and stored.
+ */
+public class EnvelopeMetadata implements EncryptionKeyMetadata {
+
+  private final String kekId;
+  private final String wrappedDek;
+  private final byte[] iv;
+  private final EncryptionAlgorithm algorithm;
+
+  // fields that are expected to be updated later
+  private byte[] kek;
+  private byte[] dek;
+
+  public EnvelopeMetadata(
+          String kekId,
+          String wrappedDek,
+          ByteBuffer iv,
+          EncryptionAlgorithm algorithm) {
+    this.kekId = Preconditions.checkNotNull(kekId,
+            "Cannot construct envelope metadata because KEK ID is not 
specified");
+    this.wrappedDek = wrappedDek;
+    this.iv = iv == null ? null : iv.array();
+    this.algorithm = Preconditions.checkNotNull(algorithm,
+              "Cannot construct envelope metadata because encryption algorithm 
is not specified");
+  }
+
+  public String kekId() {
+    return kekId;
+  }
+
+  public ByteBuffer kek() {
+    return kek == null ? null : ByteBuffer.wrap(kek);
+  }
+
+  public ByteBuffer dek() {
+    return dek == null ? null : ByteBuffer.wrap(dek);
+  }
+
+  public String wrappedDek() {
+    return wrappedDek;
+  }
+
+  public ByteBuffer iv() {
+    return iv == null ? null : ByteBuffer.wrap(iv);
+  }
+
+  public EncryptionAlgorithm algorithm() {
+    return algorithm;
+  }
+
+  public void setKek(ByteBuffer kekBuffer) {
+    this.kek = kekBuffer == null ? null : kekBuffer.array();
+  }
+
+  public void setDek(ByteBuffer dekBuffer) {
+    this.dek = dekBuffer == null ? null : dekBuffer.array();
+  }
+
+  @Override
+  public ByteBuffer buffer() {
+    return EnvelopeMetadataParser.toJson(this);
+  }
+
+  @Override
+  public EncryptionKeyMetadata copy() {
+    EnvelopeMetadata metadata = new EnvelopeMetadata(kekId(), wrappedDek(),
+            iv(), algorithm());
+    metadata.setDek(dek());
+    metadata.setKek(kek());
+    return metadata;
+  }
+
+  @Override
+  public boolean equals(Object other) {
+    if (this == other) {
+      return true;
+    }
+
+    if (other == null || getClass() != other.getClass()) {
+      return false;
+    }
+
+    EnvelopeMetadata metadata = (EnvelopeMetadata) other;
+    return  Objects.equals(kekId, metadata.kekId) &&
+            Objects.equals(wrappedDek, metadata.wrappedDek) &&
+            Arrays.equals(iv, metadata.iv) &&
+            algorithm == metadata.algorithm &&
+            Arrays.equals(kek, metadata.kek) &&
+            Arrays.equals(dek, metadata.dek);

Review comment:
       Nit: indentation is off. We use 4 chars as the line wrap indentation.

##########
File path: 
core/src/main/java/org/apache/iceberg/encryption/EnvelopeMetadata.java
##########
@@ -0,0 +1,142 @@
+/*
+ * Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one
+ * or more contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file
+ * distributed with this work for additional information
+ * regarding copyright ownership.  The ASF licenses this file
+ * to you under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the
+ * "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance
+ * with the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *   http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing,
+ * software distributed under the License is distributed on an
+ * "AS IS" BASIS, WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY
+ * KIND, either express or implied.  See the License for the
+ * specific language governing permissions and limitations
+ * under the License.
+ */
+
+package org.apache.iceberg.encryption;
+
+import java.nio.ByteBuffer;
+import java.util.Arrays;
+import java.util.Objects;
+import org.apache.iceberg.relocated.com.google.common.base.MoreObjects;
+import org.apache.iceberg.relocated.com.google.common.base.Preconditions;
+
+/**
+ * Envelope encryption metadata used to encrypt and decrypt data.
+ * Information except plaintext KEK and DEK can be serialized and stored.
+ */
+public class EnvelopeMetadata implements EncryptionKeyMetadata {
+
+  private final String kekId;
+  private final String wrappedDek;
+  private final byte[] iv;
+  private final EncryptionAlgorithm algorithm;
+
+  // fields that are expected to be updated later
+  private byte[] kek;
+  private byte[] dek;
+
+  public EnvelopeMetadata(
+          String kekId,
+          String wrappedDek,
+          ByteBuffer iv,
+          EncryptionAlgorithm algorithm) {
+    this.kekId = Preconditions.checkNotNull(kekId,
+            "Cannot construct envelope metadata because KEK ID is not 
specified");
+    this.wrappedDek = wrappedDek;
+    this.iv = iv == null ? null : iv.array();
+    this.algorithm = Preconditions.checkNotNull(algorithm,
+              "Cannot construct envelope metadata because encryption algorithm 
is not specified");
+  }
+
+  public String kekId() {
+    return kekId;
+  }
+
+  public ByteBuffer kek() {
+    return kek == null ? null : ByteBuffer.wrap(kek);
+  }
+
+  public ByteBuffer dek() {
+    return dek == null ? null : ByteBuffer.wrap(dek);
+  }
+
+  public String wrappedDek() {
+    return wrappedDek;
+  }
+
+  public ByteBuffer iv() {
+    return iv == null ? null : ByteBuffer.wrap(iv);
+  }
+
+  public EncryptionAlgorithm algorithm() {
+    return algorithm;
+  }
+
+  public void setKek(ByteBuffer kekBuffer) {
+    this.kek = kekBuffer == null ? null : kekBuffer.array();
+  }
+
+  public void setDek(ByteBuffer dekBuffer) {
+    this.dek = dekBuffer == null ? null : dekBuffer.array();
+  }
+
+  @Override
+  public ByteBuffer buffer() {
+    return EnvelopeMetadataParser.toJson(this);
+  }
+
+  @Override
+  public EncryptionKeyMetadata copy() {
+    EnvelopeMetadata metadata = new EnvelopeMetadata(kekId(), wrappedDek(),
+            iv(), algorithm());
+    metadata.setDek(dek());
+    metadata.setKek(kek());
+    return metadata;
+  }
+
+  @Override
+  public boolean equals(Object other) {
+    if (this == other) {
+      return true;
+    }
+
+    if (other == null || getClass() != other.getClass()) {
+      return false;
+    }
+
+    EnvelopeMetadata metadata = (EnvelopeMetadata) other;
+    return  Objects.equals(kekId, metadata.kekId) &&

Review comment:
       Nit: extra space after `return`

##########
File path: core/src/main/java/org/apache/iceberg/util/JsonUtil.java
##########
@@ -160,6 +167,20 @@ public static void writeLongFieldIf(boolean condition, 
String key, Long value, J
     }
   }
 
+  public static void writeStringIf(boolean condition, String key, String 
value, JsonGenerator generator)
+      throws IOException {
+    if (condition) {
+      generator.writeStringField(key, value);
+    }
+  }
+
+  public static void writeBinaryIf(boolean condition, String key, ByteBuffer 
value, JsonGenerator generator)
+      throws IOException {
+    if (condition) {
+      generator.writeStringField(key, 
StandardCharsets.UTF_8.decode(value).toString());

Review comment:
       Base64 makes more sense. The UTF may not human readable.

##########
File path: 
core/src/main/java/org/apache/iceberg/encryption/EnvelopeEncryptionManager.java
##########
@@ -0,0 +1,146 @@
+/*
+ * Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one
+ * or more contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file
+ * distributed with this work for additional information
+ * regarding copyright ownership.  The ASF licenses this file
+ * to you under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the
+ * "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance
+ * with the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *   http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing,
+ * software distributed under the License is distributed on an
+ * "AS IS" BASIS, WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY
+ * KIND, either express or implied.  See the License for the
+ * specific language governing permissions and limitations
+ * under the License.
+ */
+
+package org.apache.iceberg.encryption;
+
+import java.nio.ByteBuffer;
+import java.security.SecureRandom;
+import java.util.Map;
+import org.apache.iceberg.common.DynConstructors;
+import org.apache.iceberg.io.InputFile;
+import org.apache.iceberg.io.OutputFile;
+import org.apache.iceberg.relocated.com.google.common.base.Preconditions;
+
+/**
+ * Encryption manager that performs envelope encryption.
+ * <p>
+ */
+public class EnvelopeEncryptionManager implements EncryptionManager {
+  private final EnvelopeConfig dataEncryptionConfig;
+  private final boolean pushdown;
+  private final KmsClient kmsClient;
+  private final int dataKeyLength;
+
+  private transient volatile SecureRandom workerRNG = null;
+
+  public EnvelopeEncryptionManager(
+      boolean pushdown,  EnvelopeConfig dataEncryptionConfig,
+      KmsClient kmsClient, int dataKeyLength) {
+    if (!pushdown) {
+      throw new UnsupportedOperationException("EnvelopeEncryptionManager 
currently supports only pushdown " +
+          "data encryption / decryption");
+    }
+    this.dataEncryptionConfig = 
Preconditions.checkNotNull(dataEncryptionConfig,
+        "Cannot create EnvelopeEncryptionManager because data encryption 
config is not passed");
+    Preconditions.checkNotNull(dataEncryptionConfig.kekId(),
+        "Cannot create EnvelopeEncryptionManager because table key encryption 
key ID is not specified");
+    this.kmsClient = Preconditions.checkNotNull(kmsClient,
+        "Cannot create EnvelopeEncryptionManager because KmsClient is null");
+    this.pushdown = pushdown;
+    this.dataKeyLength = dataKeyLength;
+  }
+
+  @Override
+  public EncryptedOutputFile encrypt(OutputFile rawOutput) {
+    EnvelopeMetadata metadata = generateEnvelopeMetadata(dataEncryptionConfig);
+
+    // Pushdown to data formats with native encryption support (such as 
Parquet)
+    NativeFileCryptoParameters nativeEncryptParams = 
NativeFileCryptoParameters.create(metadata.dek())
+        .encryptionAlgorithm(metadata.algorithm().toString())
+        .build();
+
+    try {
+      ((NativelyEncryptedFile) 
rawOutput).setNativeCryptoParameters(nativeEncryptParams);
+    } catch (ClassCastException e) {
+      throw new RuntimeException("Can't natively encrypt " + 
rawOutput.location() + " because the class " +
+          rawOutput.getClass() + " doesn't implement NativelyEncryptedFile 
interface", e);
+    }
+
+    return new BaseEncryptedOutputFile(rawOutput, metadata);

Review comment:
       Wondering how or when the raw output file is encrypted. Didn't see an 
encryption action here.

##########
File path: 
core/src/main/java/org/apache/iceberg/encryption/EnvelopeEncryptionManager.java
##########
@@ -0,0 +1,146 @@
+/*
+ * Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one
+ * or more contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file
+ * distributed with this work for additional information
+ * regarding copyright ownership.  The ASF licenses this file
+ * to you under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the
+ * "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance
+ * with the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *   http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing,
+ * software distributed under the License is distributed on an
+ * "AS IS" BASIS, WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY
+ * KIND, either express or implied.  See the License for the
+ * specific language governing permissions and limitations
+ * under the License.
+ */
+
+package org.apache.iceberg.encryption;
+
+import java.nio.ByteBuffer;
+import java.security.SecureRandom;
+import java.util.Map;
+import org.apache.iceberg.common.DynConstructors;
+import org.apache.iceberg.io.InputFile;
+import org.apache.iceberg.io.OutputFile;
+import org.apache.iceberg.relocated.com.google.common.base.Preconditions;
+
+/**
+ * Encryption manager that performs envelope encryption.
+ * <p>
+ */
+public class EnvelopeEncryptionManager implements EncryptionManager {
+  private final EnvelopeConfig dataEncryptionConfig;
+  private final boolean pushdown;
+  private final KmsClient kmsClient;
+  private final int dataKeyLength;
+
+  private transient volatile SecureRandom workerRNG = null;
+
+  public EnvelopeEncryptionManager(
+      boolean pushdown,  EnvelopeConfig dataEncryptionConfig,
+      KmsClient kmsClient, int dataKeyLength) {
+    if (!pushdown) {
+      throw new UnsupportedOperationException("EnvelopeEncryptionManager 
currently supports only pushdown " +
+          "data encryption / decryption");
+    }
+    this.dataEncryptionConfig = 
Preconditions.checkNotNull(dataEncryptionConfig,
+        "Cannot create EnvelopeEncryptionManager because data encryption 
config is not passed");
+    Preconditions.checkNotNull(dataEncryptionConfig.kekId(),
+        "Cannot create EnvelopeEncryptionManager because table key encryption 
key ID is not specified");
+    this.kmsClient = Preconditions.checkNotNull(kmsClient,
+        "Cannot create EnvelopeEncryptionManager because KmsClient is null");
+    this.pushdown = pushdown;
+    this.dataKeyLength = dataKeyLength;
+  }
+
+  @Override
+  public EncryptedOutputFile encrypt(OutputFile rawOutput) {
+    EnvelopeMetadata metadata = generateEnvelopeMetadata(dataEncryptionConfig);
+
+    // Pushdown to data formats with native encryption support (such as 
Parquet)
+    NativeFileCryptoParameters nativeEncryptParams = 
NativeFileCryptoParameters.create(metadata.dek())
+        .encryptionAlgorithm(metadata.algorithm().toString())
+        .build();
+
+    try {
+      ((NativelyEncryptedFile) 
rawOutput).setNativeCryptoParameters(nativeEncryptParams);
+    } catch (ClassCastException e) {
+      throw new RuntimeException("Can't natively encrypt " + 
rawOutput.location() + " because the class " +
+          rawOutput.getClass() + " doesn't implement NativelyEncryptedFile 
interface", e);
+    }
+
+    return new BaseEncryptedOutputFile(rawOutput, metadata);
+  }
+
+  @Override
+  public InputFile decrypt(EncryptedInputFile encrypted) {
+    EnvelopeMetadata metadata = 
EnvelopeMetadataParser.fromJson(encrypted.keyMetadata().buffer());
+    ByteBuffer fileDek = kmsClient.unwrapKey(metadata.wrappedDek(), 
metadata.kekId());
+
+    // Pushdown to data formats with native decryption support (such as 
Parquet)
+    NativeFileCryptoParameters nativeDecryptParams = 
NativeFileCryptoParameters.create(fileDek).build();
+    InputFile rawInput = encrypted.encryptedInputFile();
+
+    try {
+      ((NativelyEncryptedFile) 
rawInput).setNativeCryptoParameters(nativeDecryptParams);
+    } catch (ClassCastException e) {
+      throw new RuntimeException("Can't natively decrypt " + 
rawInput.location() + " because the class " +
+          rawInput.getClass() + " doesn't implement NativelyEncryptedFile 
interface", e);
+    }
+
+    return rawInput;
+  }
+
+  private EnvelopeMetadata generateEnvelopeMetadata(EnvelopeConfig config) {
+    if (null == workerRNG) {
+      workerRNG = new SecureRandom();
+    }
+
+    String tableKekID = config.kekId();
+    byte[] fileDek;
+    String wrappedFileDEK;
+
+    if (kmsClient.supportsKeyGeneration()) {
+      KmsClient.KeyGenerationResult generatedDek = 
kmsClient.generateKey(tableKekID);
+      fileDek = generatedDek.key().array();
+      wrappedFileDEK = generatedDek.wrappedKey();
+    } else {
+      fileDek = new byte[dataKeyLength];
+      workerRNG.nextBytes(fileDek);
+      wrappedFileDEK = kmsClient.wrapKey(ByteBuffer.wrap(fileDek), tableKekID);
+    }
+
+    EnvelopeMetadata fileEnvelopeMetadata = new EnvelopeMetadata(tableKekID, 
wrappedFileDEK, null,
+            config.algorithm());
+    fileEnvelopeMetadata.setDek(ByteBuffer.wrap(fileDek));
+
+    return fileEnvelopeMetadata;
+  }
+
+  public static KmsClient loadKmsClient(String classPath, Map<String, String> 
properties) {

Review comment:
       Are we going to have a dedicated Kms utility class in the future? This 
method should fit better there. I'm OK with the current solution though, if 
EnvelopeEncryptionManager is the only place to use KMS client.

##########
File path: 
core/src/main/java/org/apache/iceberg/encryption/EnvelopeEncryptionManager.java
##########
@@ -0,0 +1,146 @@
+/*
+ * Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one
+ * or more contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file
+ * distributed with this work for additional information
+ * regarding copyright ownership.  The ASF licenses this file
+ * to you under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the
+ * "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance
+ * with the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *   http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing,
+ * software distributed under the License is distributed on an
+ * "AS IS" BASIS, WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY
+ * KIND, either express or implied.  See the License for the
+ * specific language governing permissions and limitations
+ * under the License.
+ */
+
+package org.apache.iceberg.encryption;
+
+import java.nio.ByteBuffer;
+import java.security.SecureRandom;
+import java.util.Map;
+import org.apache.iceberg.common.DynConstructors;
+import org.apache.iceberg.io.InputFile;
+import org.apache.iceberg.io.OutputFile;
+import org.apache.iceberg.relocated.com.google.common.base.Preconditions;
+
+/**
+ * Encryption manager that performs envelope encryption.
+ * <p>
+ */
+public class EnvelopeEncryptionManager implements EncryptionManager {
+  private final EnvelopeConfig dataEncryptionConfig;
+  private final boolean pushdown;
+  private final KmsClient kmsClient;
+  private final int dataKeyLength;
+
+  private transient volatile SecureRandom workerRNG = null;
+
+  public EnvelopeEncryptionManager(
+      boolean pushdown,  EnvelopeConfig dataEncryptionConfig,
+      KmsClient kmsClient, int dataKeyLength) {
+    if (!pushdown) {
+      throw new UnsupportedOperationException("EnvelopeEncryptionManager 
currently supports only pushdown " +
+          "data encryption / decryption");
+    }
+    this.dataEncryptionConfig = 
Preconditions.checkNotNull(dataEncryptionConfig,
+        "Cannot create EnvelopeEncryptionManager because data encryption 
config is not passed");
+    Preconditions.checkNotNull(dataEncryptionConfig.kekId(),
+        "Cannot create EnvelopeEncryptionManager because table key encryption 
key ID is not specified");
+    this.kmsClient = Preconditions.checkNotNull(kmsClient,
+        "Cannot create EnvelopeEncryptionManager because KmsClient is null");
+    this.pushdown = pushdown;
+    this.dataKeyLength = dataKeyLength;
+  }
+
+  @Override
+  public EncryptedOutputFile encrypt(OutputFile rawOutput) {
+    EnvelopeMetadata metadata = generateEnvelopeMetadata(dataEncryptionConfig);
+
+    // Pushdown to data formats with native encryption support (such as 
Parquet)
+    NativeFileCryptoParameters nativeEncryptParams = 
NativeFileCryptoParameters.create(metadata.dek())
+        .encryptionAlgorithm(metadata.algorithm().toString())
+        .build();
+
+    try {
+      ((NativelyEncryptedFile) 
rawOutput).setNativeCryptoParameters(nativeEncryptParams);
+    } catch (ClassCastException e) {
+      throw new RuntimeException("Can't natively encrypt " + 
rawOutput.location() + " because the class " +
+          rawOutput.getClass() + " doesn't implement NativelyEncryptedFile 
interface", e);
+    }
+
+    return new BaseEncryptedOutputFile(rawOutput, metadata);
+  }
+
+  @Override
+  public InputFile decrypt(EncryptedInputFile encrypted) {
+    EnvelopeMetadata metadata = 
EnvelopeMetadataParser.fromJson(encrypted.keyMetadata().buffer());
+    ByteBuffer fileDek = kmsClient.unwrapKey(metadata.wrappedDek(), 
metadata.kekId());
+
+    // Pushdown to data formats with native decryption support (such as 
Parquet)
+    NativeFileCryptoParameters nativeDecryptParams = 
NativeFileCryptoParameters.create(fileDek).build();
+    InputFile rawInput = encrypted.encryptedInputFile();
+
+    try {
+      ((NativelyEncryptedFile) 
rawInput).setNativeCryptoParameters(nativeDecryptParams);
+    } catch (ClassCastException e) {
+      throw new RuntimeException("Can't natively decrypt " + 
rawInput.location() + " because the class " +
+          rawInput.getClass() + " doesn't implement NativelyEncryptedFile 
interface", e);
+    }
+
+    return rawInput;
+  }
+
+  private EnvelopeMetadata generateEnvelopeMetadata(EnvelopeConfig config) {
+    if (null == workerRNG) {
+      workerRNG = new SecureRandom();
+    }
+
+    String tableKekID = config.kekId();
+    byte[] fileDek;
+    String wrappedFileDEK;
+
+    if (kmsClient.supportsKeyGeneration()) {
+      KmsClient.KeyGenerationResult generatedDek = 
kmsClient.generateKey(tableKekID);
+      fileDek = generatedDek.key().array();
+      wrappedFileDEK = generatedDek.wrappedKey();
+    } else {
+      fileDek = new byte[dataKeyLength];
+      workerRNG.nextBytes(fileDek);
+      wrappedFileDEK = kmsClient.wrapKey(ByteBuffer.wrap(fileDek), tableKekID);
+    }
+
+    EnvelopeMetadata fileEnvelopeMetadata = new EnvelopeMetadata(tableKekID, 
wrappedFileDEK, null,
+            config.algorithm());
+    fileEnvelopeMetadata.setDek(ByteBuffer.wrap(fileDek));
+
+    return fileEnvelopeMetadata;
+  }
+
+  public static KmsClient loadKmsClient(String classPath, Map<String, String> 
properties) {

Review comment:
       Maybe we can start to create one KMS utility.




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