kbendick commented on a change in pull request #4184:
URL: https://github.com/apache/iceberg/pull/4184#discussion_r814262754



##########
File path: 
core/src/main/java/org/apache/iceberg/rest/responses/RESTCatalogConfigResponse.java
##########
@@ -0,0 +1,154 @@
+/*
+ * Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one
+ * or more contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file
+ * distributed with this work for additional information
+ * regarding copyright ownership.  The ASF licenses this file
+ * to you under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the
+ * "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance
+ * with the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *   http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing,
+ * software distributed under the License is distributed on an
+ * "AS IS" BASIS, WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY
+ * KIND, either express or implied.  See the License for the
+ * specific language governing permissions and limitations
+ * under the License.
+ */
+
+package org.apache.iceberg.rest.responses;
+
+import java.util.Collections;
+import java.util.Map;
+import org.apache.iceberg.relocated.com.google.common.base.MoreObjects;
+import org.apache.iceberg.relocated.com.google.common.base.Preconditions;
+import org.apache.iceberg.relocated.com.google.common.collect.Maps;
+
+/**
+ * Represents a response to requesting server-side provided configuration for 
the REST catalog.
+ * This allows client provided values to be overridden by the server or 
defaulted if not provided by the client.
+ * <p>
+ * This configuration should be fetched with a one time initial HTTP request 
during the REST catalog initialization.
+ * The connection used to fetch the configuration should then be disposed and 
a new http client should be
+ * created for use with the catalog.
+ * <p>
+ * Configuration from the server consists of two sets of key/value pairs.
+ * <ul>
+ *   <li> defaults - properties that should be used as default configuration 
</li>
+ *   <li> overrides - properties that should be used to override client 
configuration </li>
+ * </ul>
+ */
+public class RESTCatalogConfigResponse {
+
+  private Map<String, String> defaults;
+  private Map<String, String> overrides;
+
+  public RESTCatalogConfigResponse() {
+    // Required for Jackson deserialization
+  }
+
+  private RESTCatalogConfigResponse(Map<String, String> defaults, Map<String, 
String> overrides) {
+    this.defaults = defaults;
+    this.overrides = overrides;
+    validate();
+  }
+
+  RESTCatalogConfigResponse validate() {
+    return this;
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Properties that should be used as default configuration. {@code defaults} 
have the lowest priority
+   * and should be applied before the client provided configuration.
+   *
+   * @return properties that should be used as default configuration
+   */
+  public Map<String, String> defaults() {
+    return defaults != null ? Maps.newHashMap(defaults) : 
Collections.emptyMap();
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Properties that should be used to override client configuration. {@code 
overrides} have the highest priority
+   * and should be applied after defaults and any client-provided 
configuration properties.
+   *
+   * @return properties that should be given higher precedence than any client 
provided input
+   */
+  public Map<String, String> overrides() {
+    return overrides != null ? Maps.newHashMap(overrides) : 
Collections.emptyMap();
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Merge client-provided config with server side provided configuration to 
return a single
+   * properties map which will be used for instantiating and configuring the 
REST catalog.
+   *
+   * @param clientProperties - Client provided configuration
+   * @return Merged configuration, with precedence in the order overrides, 
then client properties, and then defaults.
+   */
+  public Map<String, String> merge(Map<String, String> clientProperties) {
+    Preconditions.checkNotNull(clientProperties,
+        "Cannot merge client properties with server-provided properties. 
Invalid client configuration: null");
+    Map<String, String> merged = Maps.newHashMap(defaults);
+    merged.putAll(clientProperties);
+    merged.putAll(overrides);
+    return merged;
+  }
+
+  @Override
+  public String toString() {
+    return MoreObjects.toStringHelper(this)
+        .add("defaults", defaults)
+        .add("overrides", overrides)
+        .toString();
+  }
+
+  public static Builder builder() {
+    return new Builder();
+  }
+
+  public static class Builder {
+    private final Map<String, String> defaults;
+    private final Map<String, String> overrides;
+
+    private Builder() {
+      this.defaults = Maps.newHashMap();
+      this.overrides = Maps.newHashMap();

Review comment:
       Using immutable builders makes it so that a `null` value can't be set. 
Which people might want to do for `overrides` as one example to explicitly 
disable some configuration .
   
   For example, if an operator wanted to remove all client provided values for 
a given setting across all jobs for something temporarily, to maybe investigate 
too many connections to the catalog service or something. They could remove the 
clients configuration by placing `clients: null` into `overrides` and then 
setting `clients: 2` in their defaults. Somewhat of a contrived example, but at 
scale when operators and users are two separate groups, I think this could very 
much have a practical use case.




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