rdblue commented on code in PR #4578:
URL: https://github.com/apache/iceberg/pull/4578#discussion_r884925284


##########
core/src/main/java/org/apache/iceberg/RemoveSnapshots.java:
##########
@@ -161,21 +174,89 @@ public List<Snapshot> apply() {
 
   private TableMetadata internalApply() {
     this.base = ops.refresh();
+    if (base.snapshots().isEmpty()) {
+      return base;
+    }
 
     Set<Long> idsToRetain = Sets.newHashSet();
-    List<Long> ancestorIds = SnapshotUtil.ancestorIds(base.currentSnapshot(), 
base::snapshot);
-    if (minNumSnapshots >= ancestorIds.size()) {
-      idsToRetain.addAll(ancestorIds);
-    } else {
-      idsToRetain.addAll(ancestorIds.subList(0, minNumSnapshots));
+    // Identify refs that should be removed
+    Map<String, SnapshotRef> retainedRefs = computeRetainedRefs(base.refs());
+    Map<Long, List<String>> retainedIdToRefs = Maps.newHashMap();
+    for (Map.Entry<String, SnapshotRef> retainedRefEntry : 
retainedRefs.entrySet()) {
+      long snapshotId = retainedRefEntry.getValue().snapshotId();
+      retainedIdToRefs.putIfAbsent(snapshotId, Lists.newArrayList());
+      retainedIdToRefs.get(snapshotId).add(retainedRefEntry.getKey());
+    }
+
+    for (long idToRemove : idsToRemove) {
+      List<String> refsForId = retainedIdToRefs.get(idToRemove);
+      Preconditions.checkArgument(refsForId == null,
+          "Cannot expire %s. Still referenced by refs: %s", idToRemove, 
refsForId);
     }
 
-    TableMetadata updateMeta = base.removeSnapshotsIf(snapshot ->
-        idsToRemove.contains(snapshot.snapshotId()) ||
-        (snapshot.timestampMillis() < expireOlderThan && 
!idsToRetain.contains(snapshot.snapshotId())));
-    List<Snapshot> updateSnapshots = updateMeta.snapshots();
-    List<Snapshot> baseSnapshots = base.snapshots();
-    return updateSnapshots.size() != baseSnapshots.size() ? updateMeta : base;
+    idsToRetain.addAll(retainedIdToRefs.keySet());
+    Set<Long> branchSnapshotsToRetain = 
computeAllBranchSnapshotsToRetain(retainedRefs);
+    idsToRetain.addAll(branchSnapshotsToRetain);
+    TableMetadata.Builder updatedMetaBuilder = TableMetadata.buildFrom(base);
+    idsToRemove.addAll(base.snapshots().stream().map(Snapshot::snapshotId)
+        .filter(snapshot -> 
!idsToRetain.contains(snapshot)).collect(Collectors.toSet()));
+    base.refs().keySet().stream().filter(ref -> 
!retainedRefs.containsKey(ref)).forEach(updatedMetaBuilder::removeRef);
+    updatedMetaBuilder.removeSnapshots(idsToRemove);
+    return updatedMetaBuilder.build();
+  }
+
+  private Map<String, SnapshotRef> computeRetainedRefs(Map<String, 
SnapshotRef> refs) {
+    Map<String, SnapshotRef> retainedRefs = Maps.newHashMap();
+    retainedRefs.put(SnapshotRef.MAIN_BRANCH, 
refs.get(SnapshotRef.MAIN_BRANCH));
+    for (Map.Entry<String, SnapshotRef> refEntry : refs.entrySet()) {
+      String name = refEntry.getKey();
+      SnapshotRef ref = refEntry.getValue();
+      Snapshot snapshot = base.snapshot(ref.snapshotId());
+      long maxRefAgeMs = ref.maxRefAgeMs() != null ? ref.maxRefAgeMs() : 
defaultMaxRefAgeMs;
+      if (snapshot != null) {
+        long refAgeMs = now - snapshot.timestampMillis();
+        if (refAgeMs <= maxRefAgeMs) {
+          retainedRefs.put(name, ref);
+        }
+      } else {
+        LOG.warn("Removing invalid ref {}: snapshot {} does not exist", name, 
ref.snapshotId());
+      }
+    }
+
+    return retainedRefs;
+  }
+
+  private Set<Long> computeAllBranchSnapshotsToRetain(Map<String, SnapshotRef> 
refs) {
+    Set<Long> branchSnapshotsToRetain = Sets.newHashSet();
+    for (Map.Entry<String, SnapshotRef> refEntry : refs.entrySet()) {
+      SnapshotRef ref = refEntry.getValue();

Review Comment:
   You could just iterate over `refs.values()`.



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