mikemccand commented on code in PR #15476:
URL: https://github.com/apache/lucene/pull/15476#discussion_r2599605456


##########
lucene/test-framework/src/java/org/apache/lucene/tests/index/BaseKnnVectorsFormatTestCase.java:
##########
@@ -1910,6 +1929,163 @@ public void testVectorValuesReportCorrectDocs() throws 
Exception {
     }
   }
 
+  private List<float[]> getRandomFloatVector(int numVectors, int dim, boolean 
normalize) {
+    List<float[]> vectors = new ArrayList<>(numVectors);
+    for (int i = 0; i < numVectors; i++) {
+      float[] vec = randomVector(dim);
+      if (normalize) {
+        float[] copy = new float[vec.length];

Review Comment:
   Why make a copy?  Nothing uses `vec` after this?



##########
lucene/test-framework/src/java/org/apache/lucene/tests/index/BaseKnnVectorsFormatTestCase.java:
##########
@@ -1910,6 +1929,163 @@ public void testVectorValuesReportCorrectDocs() throws 
Exception {
     }
   }
 
+  private List<float[]> getRandomFloatVector(int numVectors, int dim, boolean 
normalize) {
+    List<float[]> vectors = new ArrayList<>(numVectors);
+    for (int i = 0; i < numVectors; i++) {
+      float[] vec = randomVector(dim);
+      if (normalize) {
+        float[] copy = new float[vec.length];
+        System.arraycopy(vec, 0, copy, 0, copy.length);
+        VectorUtil.l2normalize(copy);
+        vec = copy;
+      }
+      vectors.add(vec);
+    }
+    return vectors;
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Tests reading quantized vectors when raw vector data is empty. Verifies 
that scalar quantized
+   * formats can properly dequantize vectors and maintain accuracy within 
expected error bounds even
+   * when the original raw vector file is empty or corrupted.
+   */
+  public void testReadQuantizedVectorWithEmptyRawVectors() throws Exception {
+    assumeTrue("Test only applies to scalar quantized formats", 
supportsFloatVectorFallback());
+
+    String vectorFieldName = "vec1";
+    int numVectors = 1 + random().nextInt(50);
+    int dim = random().nextInt(64) + 1;
+    if (dim % 2 == 1) {
+      dim++;
+    }
+    float eps = (1f / (float) (1 << getQuantizationBits()));
+    VectorSimilarityFunction similarityFunction = randomSimilarity();
+    List<float[]> vectors =
+        getRandomFloatVector(
+            numVectors, dim, similarityFunction == 
VectorSimilarityFunction.COSINE);
+
+    try (BaseDirectoryWrapper dir = newDirectory();
+        IndexWriter w =
+            new IndexWriter(
+                dir,
+                new IndexWriterConfig()
+                    .setMaxBufferedDocs(numVectors + 1)
+                    .setRAMBufferSizeMB(IndexWriterConfig.DISABLE_AUTO_FLUSH)
+                    .setMergePolicy(NoMergePolicy.INSTANCE)
+                    .setUseCompoundFile(false)
+                    .setCodec(getCodecForQuantizedTest()))) {
+      dir.setCheckIndexOnClose(false);
+
+      for (int i = 0; i < numVectors; i++) {
+        Document doc = new Document();
+        doc.add(new KnnFloatVectorField(vectorFieldName, vectors.get(i), 
similarityFunction));
+        w.addDocument(doc);
+      }
+      w.commit();
+
+      simulateEmptyRawVectors(dir);
+
+      try (IndexReader reader = DirectoryReader.open(w)) {
+        LeafReader r = getOnlyLeafReader(reader);
+        if (r instanceof CodecReader codecReader) {
+          KnnVectorsReader knnVectorsReader = codecReader.getVectorReader();
+          knnVectorsReader = 
knnVectorsReader.unwrapReaderForField(vectorFieldName);
+          FloatVectorValues floatVectorValues =
+              knnVectorsReader.getFloatVectorValues(vectorFieldName);
+          if (floatVectorValues.size() > 0) {
+            KnnVectorValues.DocIndexIterator iter = 
floatVectorValues.iterator();
+            for (int docId = iter.nextDoc(); docId != NO_MORE_DOCS; docId = 
iter.nextDoc()) {
+              float[] dequantizedVector = 
floatVectorValues.vectorValue(iter.index());
+              float mae = 0;
+              for (int i = 0; i < dim; i++) {
+                mae += Math.abs(dequantizedVector[i] - vectors.get(docId)[i]);
+              }
+              mae /= dim;
+              assertTrue(
+                  "bits: " + getQuantizationBits() + " mae: " + mae + " > eps: 
" + eps, mae <= eps);
+            }
+          } else {
+            fail("floatVectorValues size should be non zero");
+          }
+        } else {
+          fail("reader is not CodecReader");
+        }
+      }
+    }
+  }
+
+  /** Simulates empty raw vectors by modifying index files. */
+  private void simulateEmptyRawVectors(Directory dir) throws Exception {
+    final String[] indexFiles = dir.listAll();
+    final String RAW_VECTOR_EXTENSION = "vec";
+    final String VECTOR_META_EXTENSION = "vemf";
+
+    for (String file : indexFiles) {
+      if (file.endsWith("." + RAW_VECTOR_EXTENSION)) {
+        replaceWithEmptyVectorFile(dir, file);
+      } else if (file.endsWith("." + VECTOR_META_EXTENSION)) {
+        updateVectorMetadataFile(dir, file);
+      }
+    }
+  }
+
+  /** Replaces a raw vector file with an empty one that has valid 
header/footer. */
+  private void replaceWithEmptyVectorFile(Directory dir, String fileName) 
throws Exception {

Review Comment:
   +1, it's risky/messy, yet necessary, abstraction violation.
   
   I think ideally the Codec (`KnnVectorsFormat/Writer`) would expose this 
method (writing empty full precision vectors), maybe, since it's the only place 
that knows the file layout.  And it'd optionally write both empty and full flat 
vector files, somehow.  I think we need a clean solution to 
https://github.com/apache/lucene/issues/13158... and once we have that, we fix 
these base test methods.
   



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