weibangpeng opened a new pull request, #8312:
URL: https://github.com/apache/paimon/pull/8312

   ## Summary
   Fix NullPointerException when using btree global index on STRING columns 
with empty string keys.
   
   ## Root cause
   When `SortedIndexFileMeta.firstKey()` or `lastKey()` returns null (from 
null-flagged index file metadata), 
`compareFirstKey`/`compareLastKey`/`overlaps` passes null to `deserialize()`, 
causing NPE.
   
   ## Fix
   Add null guards:
   - `compareFirstKey`: return -1 for null firstKey (no lower bound)
   - `compareLastKey`: return 1 for null lastKey (no upper bound)
   - `overlaps`: skip comparison when key is null
   
   ## Test
   Added `testEmptyStringKeyDoesNotThrowNPE` covering visitEqual, 
visitLessThan, visitGreaterThan, visitIn, and visitBetween.
   
   Closes #7811


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