LuciferYang commented on code in PR #10845:
URL: https://github.com/apache/paimon/pull/10845#discussion_r4400356172


##########
paimon-core/src/main/java/org/apache/paimon/utils/FileSystemBranchManager.java:
##########
@@ -224,6 +240,228 @@ public void fastForward(String branchName) {
         }
     }
 
+    /**
+     * Fast-forwards by appending when the current branch is a prefix of the 
branch: its snapshots
+     * from the branch's earliest one (or its own earliest, if later) to its 
latest are the
+     * branch's, and so are its schemas. Nothing is deleted and files are 
written in ascending id
+     * order, so a failure leaves the current branch at one of the branch's 
snapshots and a retry
+     * continues from there.
+     *
+     * @return false if the current branch is not a prefix of the branch
+     */
+    private boolean tryAppendFromBranch(String branchName, long 
branchEarliestId, Lock lock)
+            throws IOException {
+        SnapshotManager branchSnapshotManager = 
snapshotManager.copyWithBranch(branchName);
+        SchemaManager branchSchemaManager = 
schemaManager.copyWithBranch(branchName);
+        // List rather than trust the LATEST hint: an interrupted replace by 
an older version copies
+        // the branch's hint before the snapshots it names.
+        Map<Long, Long> sizes = snapshotSizes(snapshotManager);
+        Map<Long, Long> branchSizes = snapshotSizes(branchSnapshotManager);
+        if (sizes.isEmpty() || branchSizes.isEmpty()) {
+            return false;
+        }
+        long latestId = Collections.max(sizes.keySet());
+        long branchLatestId = Collections.max(branchSizes.keySet());
+        if (latestId < branchEarliestId
+                || latestId > branchLatestId
+                || !sameSizes(sizes, branchSizes, branchEarliestId, latestId)
+                || !sameContent(
+                        snapshotManager.snapshotPath(latestId),
+                        branchSnapshotManager.snapshotPath(latestId),
+                        Snapshot::fromJson)
+                || !sameSchemas(branchSchemaManager)) {
+            return false;
+        }
+
+        long latestSchemaId = Collections.max(schemaManager.listAllIds());
+        for (long schemaId : sorted(branchSchemaManager.listAllIds())) {
+            if (schemaId > latestSchemaId) {
+                copyAtomically(
+                        lock,
+                        branchSchemaManager.toSchemaPath(schemaId),
+                        schemaManager.toSchemaPath(schemaId));
+            }
+        }
+        copySnapshots(branchSnapshotManager, latestId + 1, branchLatestId, 
lock);
+        copyBranchTags(branchName, lock);
+        snapshotManager.commitLatestHint(branchLatestId);
+        return true;
+    }
+
+    private Map<Long, Long> snapshotSizes(SnapshotManager manager) throws 
IOException {
+        Map<Long, Long> sizes = new HashMap<>();
+        for (FileStatus status :
+                listVersionedFileStatus(fileIO, manager.snapshotDirectory(), 
SNAPSHOT_PREFIX)
+                        .collect(Collectors.toList())) {
+            String version = 
status.getPath().getName().substring(SNAPSHOT_PREFIX.length());
+            try {
+                sizes.put(Long.parseLong(version), status.getLen());
+            } catch (NumberFormatException ignored) {
+                // not a snapshot file, for example a temporary file of a 
Python writer
+            }
+        }
+        return sizes;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Whether the current branch has every snapshot from {@code from} (or its 
earliest, if later)
+     * to {@code to}, each of the branch's size. A copy cut short by an older 
version's non-atomic
+     * replace has another size.
+     */
+    private static boolean sameSizes(
+            Map<Long, Long> sizes, Map<Long, Long> branchSizes, long from, 
long to) {
+        for (long id = Math.max(from, Collections.min(sizes.keySet())); id <= 
to; id++) {
+            Long size = sizes.get(id);
+            if (size == null || !size.equals(branchSizes.get(id))) {
+                return false;
+            }
+        }
+        return true;
+    }
+
+    /** Whether the current branch's schemas are the branch's schemas up to 
the current latest. */
+    private boolean sameSchemas(SchemaManager branchSchemaManager) throws 
IOException {
+        Set<Long> ids = new HashSet<>(schemaManager.listAllIds());
+        if (ids.isEmpty()) {
+            return false;
+        }
+        long latestId = Collections.max(ids);
+        Set<Long> branchIds =
+                branchSchemaManager.listAllIds().stream()
+                        .filter(id -> id <= latestId)
+                        .collect(Collectors.toSet());
+        if (!ids.equals(branchIds)) {
+            return false;
+        }
+        for (long id : ids) {
+            if (!sameContent(
+                    schemaManager.toSchemaPath(id),
+                    branchSchemaManager.toSchemaPath(id),
+                    TableSchema::fromJson)) {
+                return false;
+            }
+        }
+        return true;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Replaces the current branch's snapshots and tags from the branch's 
earliest snapshot onwards,
+     * and its schemas, with the branch's. Schemas are replaced file by file 
instead of deleted up
+     * front, so a failure never leaves the remaining snapshots without their 
schemas.
+     */
+    private void replaceFromBranch(String branchName, long earliestSnapshotId, 
Lock lock)
+            throws IOException {
+        SnapshotManager branchSnapshotManager = 
snapshotManager.copyWithBranch(branchName);
+        SchemaManager branchSchemaManager = 
schemaManager.copyWithBranch(branchName);
+        long earliestSchemaId = 
branchSnapshotManager.snapshot(earliestSnapshotId).schemaId();
+
+        List<Path> deletePaths =
+                new ArrayList<>(snapshotManager.snapshotPaths(id -> id >= 
earliestSnapshotId));
+        deletePaths.addAll(
+                tagManager.tagPaths(path -> Tag.fromPath(fileIO, path).id() >= 
earliestSnapshotId));
+        lock.ensureValid();
+        snapshotManager.deleteLatestHint();
+        fileIO.deleteFilesQuietly(deletePaths);
+        // Main expired its own snapshots up to its EARLIEST hint; the 
branch's snapshots below
+        // that hint become main's. Move the hint before copying them, so that 
a retry after a
+        // failed copy, which appends the rest, finds it already moved.
+        Long earliestHint =
+                HintFileUtils.readHint(
+                        fileIO, HintFileUtils.EARLIEST, 
snapshotManager.snapshotDirectory());
+        if (earliestHint != null && earliestHint > earliestSnapshotId) {
+            snapshotManager.commitEarliestHint(earliestSnapshotId);
+        }
+
+        List<Long> branchSchemaIds = sorted(branchSchemaManager.listAllIds());
+        for (long id : branchSchemaIds) {
+            replaceAtomically(
+                    lock, branchSchemaManager.toSchemaPath(id), 
schemaManager.toSchemaPath(id));
+        }
+        for (long id : schemaManager.listAllIds()) {
+            if (id >= earliestSchemaId && !branchSchemaIds.contains(id)) {
+                lock.ensureValid();
+                fileIO.deleteQuietly(schemaManager.toSchemaPath(id));
+            }
+        }
+
+        // List rather than trust the branch's LATEST hint, as the append path 
does.
+        long branchLatestId = 
Collections.max(snapshotSizes(branchSnapshotManager).keySet());
+        copySnapshots(branchSnapshotManager, earliestSnapshotId, 
branchLatestId, lock);
+        copyBranchTags(branchName, lock);
+        snapshotManager.commitLatestHint(branchLatestId);
+    }
+
+    private void copySnapshots(
+            SnapshotManager branchSnapshotManager, long fromId, long toId, 
Lock lock)
+            throws IOException {
+        for (long id = fromId; id <= toId; id++) {
+            copyAtomically(
+                    lock, branchSnapshotManager.snapshotPath(id), 
snapshotManager.snapshotPath(id));
+        }
+    }
+
+    private void copyBranchTags(String branchName, Lock lock) throws 
IOException {
+        // Continue fast-forward even without tags.
+        Path branchTagDirectory = 
tagManager.copyWithBranch(branchName).tagDirectory();
+        if (!fileIO.exists(branchTagDirectory)) {
+            return;
+        }
+        for (FileStatus status : fileIO.listStatus(branchTagDirectory)) {
+            if (!status.isDir()) {
+                Path tag = status.getPath();
+                replaceAtomically(lock, tag, new 
Path(tagManager.tagDirectory(), tag.getName()));
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    /** Copies a file without exposing partial content, accepting a target 
already copied. */
+    private void copyAtomically(Lock lock, Path source, Path target) throws 
IOException {
+        // A lease may expire while many files are copied; stop before writing 
past it.
+        lock.ensureValid();
+        String content = readExactly(source);
+        if ((fileIO.exists(target) || !fileIO.tryToWriteAtomic(target, 
content))

Review Comment:
   Fixed in 02d7d676dc. `copyAtomically` now checks the lease after reading the 
source, right before the write. Replacing main deletes one file at a time with 
a check before each delete, and the LATEST and EARLIEST hint writes are checked 
too. `testFastForwardRechecksLeaseAfterReadingSource` expires the lease while 
the branch's snapshot 2 is opened and asserts main gets no snapshot 2; 
`testReplaceStopsDeletingWhenLeaseExpires` expires it after the first delete 
and asserts nothing else is deleted.
   



##########
paimon-core/src/main/java/org/apache/paimon/utils/FileSystemBranchManager.java:
##########
@@ -224,6 +240,228 @@ public void fastForward(String branchName) {
         }
     }
 
+    /**
+     * Fast-forwards by appending when the current branch is a prefix of the 
branch: its snapshots
+     * from the branch's earliest one (or its own earliest, if later) to its 
latest are the
+     * branch's, and so are its schemas. Nothing is deleted and files are 
written in ascending id
+     * order, so a failure leaves the current branch at one of the branch's 
snapshots and a retry
+     * continues from there.
+     *
+     * @return false if the current branch is not a prefix of the branch
+     */
+    private boolean tryAppendFromBranch(String branchName, long 
branchEarliestId, Lock lock)
+            throws IOException {
+        SnapshotManager branchSnapshotManager = 
snapshotManager.copyWithBranch(branchName);
+        SchemaManager branchSchemaManager = 
schemaManager.copyWithBranch(branchName);
+        // List rather than trust the LATEST hint: an interrupted replace by 
an older version copies
+        // the branch's hint before the snapshots it names.
+        Map<Long, Long> sizes = snapshotSizes(snapshotManager);
+        Map<Long, Long> branchSizes = snapshotSizes(branchSnapshotManager);
+        if (sizes.isEmpty() || branchSizes.isEmpty()) {
+            return false;
+        }
+        long latestId = Collections.max(sizes.keySet());
+        long branchLatestId = Collections.max(branchSizes.keySet());
+        if (latestId < branchEarliestId
+                || latestId > branchLatestId
+                || !sameSizes(sizes, branchSizes, branchEarliestId, latestId)
+                || !sameContent(
+                        snapshotManager.snapshotPath(latestId),
+                        branchSnapshotManager.snapshotPath(latestId),
+                        Snapshot::fromJson)
+                || !sameSchemas(branchSchemaManager)) {
+            return false;
+        }
+
+        long latestSchemaId = Collections.max(schemaManager.listAllIds());
+        for (long schemaId : sorted(branchSchemaManager.listAllIds())) {
+            if (schemaId > latestSchemaId) {
+                copyAtomically(
+                        lock,
+                        branchSchemaManager.toSchemaPath(schemaId),
+                        schemaManager.toSchemaPath(schemaId));
+            }
+        }
+        copySnapshots(branchSnapshotManager, latestId + 1, branchLatestId, 
lock);
+        copyBranchTags(branchName, lock);
+        snapshotManager.commitLatestHint(branchLatestId);
+        return true;
+    }
+
+    private Map<Long, Long> snapshotSizes(SnapshotManager manager) throws 
IOException {
+        Map<Long, Long> sizes = new HashMap<>();
+        for (FileStatus status :
+                listVersionedFileStatus(fileIO, manager.snapshotDirectory(), 
SNAPSHOT_PREFIX)
+                        .collect(Collectors.toList())) {
+            String version = 
status.getPath().getName().substring(SNAPSHOT_PREFIX.length());
+            try {
+                sizes.put(Long.parseLong(version), status.getLen());
+            } catch (NumberFormatException ignored) {
+                // not a snapshot file, for example a temporary file of a 
Python writer
+            }
+        }
+        return sizes;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Whether the current branch has every snapshot from {@code from} (or its 
earliest, if later)
+     * to {@code to}, each of the branch's size. A copy cut short by an older 
version's non-atomic
+     * replace has another size.
+     */
+    private static boolean sameSizes(
+            Map<Long, Long> sizes, Map<Long, Long> branchSizes, long from, 
long to) {
+        for (long id = Math.max(from, Collections.min(sizes.keySet())); id <= 
to; id++) {
+            Long size = sizes.get(id);
+            if (size == null || !size.equals(branchSizes.get(id))) {

Review Comment:
   Fixed in 02d7d676dc. The prefix check now compares the content of every main 
snapshot from the branch's earliest (or main's earliest, if later) to main's 
latest with the branch's, bytes first and parsed snapshots if the bytes differ. 
`testFastForwardReplacesDivergentSnapshotOfSameLength` builds the state you 
describe: main's own snapshot 3, the same length as the branch's, next to the 
branch's snapshot 4. `fast_forward` now replaces main, and snapshot 3 ends up 
with the branch's bytes.
   
   Replacing main also no longer deletes quietly. A file that is still there 
after the delete fails the fast-forward 
(`testReplaceFailsWhenSnapshotCannotBeDeleted`), so this version does not leave 
that state behind itself.
   



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