rdblue commented on code in PR #3397:
URL: https://github.com/apache/parquet-java/pull/3397#discussion_r4099288647


##########
parquet-column/src/main/java/org/apache/parquet/column/values/alp/AlpValuesReader.java:
##########
@@ -0,0 +1,306 @@
+/*
+ * Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one
+ * or more contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file
+ * distributed with this work for additional information
+ * regarding copyright ownership.  The ASF licenses this file
+ * to you under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the
+ * "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance
+ * with the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *   http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing,
+ * software distributed under the License is distributed on an
+ * "AS IS" BASIS, WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY
+ * KIND, either express or implied.  See the License for the
+ * specific language governing permissions and limitations
+ * under the License.
+ */
+package org.apache.parquet.column.values.alp;
+
+import static 
org.apache.parquet.column.values.alp.AlpConstants.ALP_COMPRESSION_MODE;
+import static 
org.apache.parquet.column.values.alp.AlpConstants.ALP_HEADER_SIZE;
+import static org.apache.parquet.column.values.alp.AlpConstants.ALP_INFO_SIZE;
+import static 
org.apache.parquet.column.values.alp.AlpConstants.ALP_INTEGER_ENCODING_FOR;
+import static 
org.apache.parquet.column.values.alp.AlpConstants.MAX_LOG_VECTOR_SIZE;
+import static 
org.apache.parquet.column.values.alp.AlpConstants.MIN_LOG_VECTOR_SIZE;
+
+import java.io.IOException;
+import java.nio.ByteBuffer;
+import java.nio.ByteOrder;
+import org.apache.parquet.bytes.ByteBufferInputStream;
+import org.apache.parquet.column.values.ValuesReader;
+import org.apache.parquet.io.ParquetDecodingException;
+
+/**
+ * Abstract base class for ALP values readers with lazy per-vector decoding.
+ *
+ * <p>Reads ALP-encoded values from the interleaved page layout:
+ * <pre>
+ * ┌─────────┬──────────────────────┬──────────────┬──────────────┬─────┐
+ * │ Header  │ Offset Array         │ Vector 0     │ Vector 1     │ ... │
+ * │ 7 bytes │ 4B × numVectors      │ (interleaved)│ (interleaved)│     │
+ * └─────────┴──────────────────────┴──────────────┴──────────────┴─────┘
+ * </pre>
+ *
+ * <p>Each vector is decoded lazily on first access. Skipping values does not
+ * trigger decoding of intermediate vectors.
+ */
+abstract class AlpValuesReader extends ValuesReader {
+
+  protected int vectorSize;
+  protected int totalCount;
+  protected int numVectors;
+  protected int pageValueIndex;
+  protected int currentVectorNumber;
+
+  protected int[] vectorOffsets;
+  protected ByteBuffer vectorsData;
+  protected int offsetArraySize;
+
+  // Scratch buffer for exception positions within a vector; shared by both 
readers (int[] in each).
+  protected int[] excPositionsBuffer;
+
+  AlpValuesReader() {
+    this.pageValueIndex = 0;
+    this.totalCount = 0;
+    this.currentVectorNumber = -1;
+  }
+
+  @Override
+  public void initFromPage(int valuesCount, ByteBufferInputStream stream)
+      throws ParquetDecodingException, IOException {
+    ByteBuffer headerBuf = 
stream.slice(ALP_HEADER_SIZE).order(ByteOrder.LITTLE_ENDIAN);
+    int compressionMode = headerBuf.get() & 0xFF;
+    int integerEncoding = headerBuf.get() & 0xFF;
+    int logVectorSize = headerBuf.get() & 0xFF;
+    int numElements = headerBuf.getInt();
+
+    if (compressionMode != ALP_COMPRESSION_MODE) {
+      throw new ParquetDecodingException("Unsupported ALP compression mode: " 
+ compressionMode);
+    }
+    if (integerEncoding != ALP_INTEGER_ENCODING_FOR) {
+      throw new ParquetDecodingException("Unsupported ALP integer encoding: " 
+ integerEncoding);
+    }
+    if (logVectorSize < MIN_LOG_VECTOR_SIZE || logVectorSize > 
MAX_LOG_VECTOR_SIZE) {
+      throw new ParquetDecodingException("Invalid ALP log vector size: " + 
logVectorSize + ", must be between "
+          + MIN_LOG_VECTOR_SIZE + " and " + MAX_LOG_VECTOR_SIZE);
+    }
+    if (numElements < 0) {
+      throw new ParquetDecodingException("Invalid ALP element count: " + 
numElements);
+    }
+    // ALP's num_elements is the count of non-null values that went through 
encoding;
+    // valuesCount is the page row count, which is larger when the column has 
nulls.
+    // The two are equal only for required (non-null) columns.
+    if (numElements > valuesCount) {
+      throw new ParquetDecodingException(
+          "ALP header element count " + numElements + " exceeds page 
valuesCount " + valuesCount);
+    }
+
+    this.vectorSize = 1 << logVectorSize;
+    this.totalCount = numElements;
+
+    // Bound the vector count against the bytes actually present before 
allocating anything.
+    // numElements is only capped by valuesCount, which a forged page can set 
as high as
+    // Integer.MAX_VALUE, so computing this in int would overflow to a 
negative count, and even
+    // without overflow a large count would drive a huge int[] and a huge 
stream.slice allocation.
+    // Every vector costs a 4-byte offset entry plus at least its ALP and FOR 
headers, which gives
+    // a hard ceiling on how many vectors the remaining bytes can possibly 
describe.
+    int minVectorBytes = ALP_INFO_SIZE + forInfoSize();
+    long bodyBytes = stream.available();
+    long numVectorsLong = ((long) numElements + vectorSize - 1) / vectorSize;
+    long minBodyBytes = numVectorsLong * (Integer.BYTES + minVectorBytes);
+    if (minBodyBytes > bodyBytes) {
+      throw new ParquetDecodingException("ALP header element count " + 
numElements + " requires at least "
+          + minBodyBytes + " bytes but only " + bodyBytes + " remain in the 
page");
+    }
+    this.numVectors = (int) numVectorsLong;
+    this.pageValueIndex = 0;
+    this.currentVectorNumber = -1;

Review Comment:
   Nit: I prefer constants for values like this, like `BEFORE_FIRST_VECTOR`.



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