adutra commented on code in PR #2244:
URL: https://github.com/apache/polaris/pull/2244#discussion_r2270969200


##########
getting-started/keycloak/README.md:
##########
@@ -0,0 +1,208 @@
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+  "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance
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+   http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ 
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+  "AS IS" BASIS, WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY
+  KIND, either express or implied.  See the License for the
+  specific language governing permissions and limitations
+  under the License.
+-->
+
+# Getting Started with Apache Polaris, External Authentication and Keycloak
+
+## Overview
+
+This example uses Keycloak as the identity provider for Polaris. The "iceberg" 
realm is automatically created and
+configured from the `iceberg-realm.json` file. 
+
+This Keycloak realm contains 1 client definition: `client1:s3cr3t`. It is 
configured to return tokens with the following
+fixed claims:
+
+- `principal_id`: the principal ID of the user. It is always set to zero (0) 
in this example.
+- `principal_name`: the principal name of the user. It is always set to "root" 
in this example.
+- `principal_roles`: the principal roles of the user. It is always set to 
`["server_admin", "catalog_admin"]` in this 
+  example.
+
+This is obviously not a realistic configuration. In a real-world scenario, you 
would configure Keycloak to return the
+actual principal ID, name and roles of the user. Note that principals and 
principal roles must have been created in
+Polaris beforehand, and the principal ID, name and roles must match the ones 
returned by Keycloak.
+
+Polaris is configured with 3 realms:
+
+- `realm-internal`: This is the default realm, and is configured to use the 
internal authentication only. It accepts
+  token issues by Polaris itself only.
+- `realm-external`: This realm is configured to use an external identity 
provider (IDP) for authentication only. It
+  accepts tokens issued by Keycloak only.
+- `realm-mixed`: This realm is configured to use both the internal and 
external authentication. It accepts tokens 
+  issued by both Polaris and Keycloak.
+
+For more information about how to configure Polaris with external 
authentication, see the
+[Polaris 
documentation](https://polaris.apache.org/in-dev/unreleased/external-idp/).
+
+## Starting the Example
+
+1. Build the Polaris server image if it's not already present locally:
+
+    ```shell
+    ./gradlew \
+       :polaris-server:assemble \
+       :polaris-server:quarkusAppPartsBuild --rerun \
+       -Dquarkus.container-image.build=true
+    ```
+
+2. Start the docker compose group by running the following command from the 
root of the repository:
+
+    ```shell
+    docker compose -f getting-started/keycloak/docker-compose.yml up

Review Comment:
   I don't have any errors.
   
   Note that it's normal to have this error message in the logs when using 
mixed authentication:
   
   ```
   polaris-1        | 2025-08-12 19:27:27,344 ERROR 
[org.apa.pol.ser.aut.JWTBroker] [,realm-mixed] [,,,] 
(vert.x-eventloop-thread-13) Failed to verify the token with error: 
com.auth0.jwt.exceptions.JWTDecodeException: The token was expected to have 3 
parts, but got 0.
   polaris-1        |      at 
com.auth0.jwt.TokenUtils.wrongNumberOfParts(TokenUtils.java:45)
   polaris-1        |      at 
com.auth0.jwt.TokenUtils.splitToken(TokenUtils.java:23)
   polaris-1        |      at 
com.auth0.jwt.JWTDecoder.<init>(JWTDecoder.java:37)
   polaris-1        |      at 
com.auth0.jwt.JWTVerifier.verify(JWTVerifier.java:451)
   polaris-1        |      at 
org.apache.polaris.service.auth.JWTBroker.verify(JWTBroker.java:68)
   polaris-1        |      at 
org.apache.polaris.service.auth.QuarkusProducers_ProducerMethod_tokenBroker_7hHN0Q-B8m1s4cAHbPAL_pDNaO0_ClientProxy.verify(Unknown
 Source)
   polaris-1        |      at 
org.apache.polaris.service.quarkus.auth.internal.InternalAuthenticationMechanism.authenticate(InternalAuthenticationMechanism.java:98)
   ```
   
   This is because the token was a Keycloak token, and so the internal token 
broker could not validate it.
   
   This other message, however, is not normal:
   
   ```
   polaris-1        | 2025-08-12 17:36:43,836 ERROR 
[io.qua.oid.run.OidcProviderClientImpl] [,realm-mixed] [,,,] 
(vert.x-eventloop-thread-5) Request 
http://keycloak:8080/realms/iceberg/protocol/openid-connect/token/introspect 
has failed
   ```
   
   I wonder if you have some docker network issue?



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