adnanhemani commented on code in PR #1965:
URL: https://github.com/apache/polaris/pull/1965#discussion_r2272037454


##########
runtime/service/src/main/java/org/apache/polaris/service/events/jsonEventListener/aws/cloudwatch/AwsCloudWatchEventListener.java:
##########
@@ -0,0 +1,276 @@
+/*
+ * Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one
+ * or more contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file
+ * distributed with this work for additional information
+ * regarding copyright ownership.  The ASF licenses this file
+ * to you under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the
+ * "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance
+ * with the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *   http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing,
+ * software distributed under the License is distributed on an
+ * "AS IS" BASIS, WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY
+ * KIND, either express or implied.  See the License for the
+ * specific language governing permissions and limitations
+ * under the License.
+ */
+
+package org.apache.polaris.service.events.jsonEventListener.aws.cloudwatch;
+
+import com.fasterxml.jackson.core.JsonProcessingException;
+import com.fasterxml.jackson.databind.ObjectMapper;
+import com.google.common.annotations.VisibleForTesting;
+import io.smallrye.common.annotation.Identifier;
+import jakarta.annotation.PostConstruct;
+import jakarta.annotation.PreDestroy;
+import jakarta.enterprise.context.ApplicationScoped;
+import jakarta.inject.Inject;
+import jakarta.ws.rs.core.Context;
+import jakarta.ws.rs.core.SecurityContext;
+import java.util.HashMap;
+import java.util.List;
+import java.util.Objects;
+import java.util.concurrent.ConcurrentHashMap;
+import java.util.concurrent.ExecutorService;
+import java.util.concurrent.Future;
+import org.apache.polaris.core.context.CallContext;
+import org.apache.polaris.service.events.jsonEventListener.JsonEventListener;
+import org.slf4j.Logger;
+import org.slf4j.LoggerFactory;
+import software.amazon.awssdk.core.exception.SdkClientException;
+import software.amazon.awssdk.regions.Region;
+import software.amazon.awssdk.services.cloudwatchlogs.CloudWatchLogsClient;
+import 
software.amazon.awssdk.services.cloudwatchlogs.model.CreateLogGroupRequest;
+import 
software.amazon.awssdk.services.cloudwatchlogs.model.CreateLogStreamRequest;
+import 
software.amazon.awssdk.services.cloudwatchlogs.model.DataAlreadyAcceptedException;
+import 
software.amazon.awssdk.services.cloudwatchlogs.model.DescribeLogStreamsRequest;
+import 
software.amazon.awssdk.services.cloudwatchlogs.model.DescribeLogStreamsResponse;
+import software.amazon.awssdk.services.cloudwatchlogs.model.InputLogEvent;
+import 
software.amazon.awssdk.services.cloudwatchlogs.model.InvalidParameterException;
+import 
software.amazon.awssdk.services.cloudwatchlogs.model.InvalidSequenceTokenException;
+import software.amazon.awssdk.services.cloudwatchlogs.model.LogStream;
+import 
software.amazon.awssdk.services.cloudwatchlogs.model.PutLogEventsRequest;
+import 
software.amazon.awssdk.services.cloudwatchlogs.model.PutLogEventsResponse;
+import 
software.amazon.awssdk.services.cloudwatchlogs.model.ResourceAlreadyExistsException;
+import 
software.amazon.awssdk.services.cloudwatchlogs.model.UnrecognizedClientException;
+
+@ApplicationScoped
+@Identifier("aws-cloudwatch")
+public class AwsCloudWatchEventListener extends JsonEventListener {
+  private static final Logger LOGGER = 
LoggerFactory.getLogger(AwsCloudWatchEventListener.class);
+  private final ObjectMapper objectMapper = new ObjectMapper();
+  private final ConcurrentHashMap<Future<?>, EventWithRetry> futures = new 
ConcurrentHashMap<>();
+
+  record EventWithRetry(InputLogEvent inputLogEvent, int retryCount) {}
+
+  private CloudWatchLogsClient client;
+  private volatile String sequenceToken;
+
+  ExecutorService executorService;
+
+  private final String logGroup;
+  private final String logStream;
+  private final Region region;
+  private final boolean synchronousMode;
+
+  @Inject CallContext callContext;
+
+  @Context SecurityContext securityContext;
+
+  @Inject
+  public AwsCloudWatchEventListener(
+      AwsCloudWatchConfiguration config, ExecutorService executorService) {
+    this.executorService = executorService;
+
+    this.logStream =
+        config
+            .awsCloudwatchlogStream()
+            .orElseThrow(
+                () -> new IllegalArgumentException("AWS CloudWatch log stream 
must be configured"));
+    this.logGroup =
+        config
+            .awsCloudwatchlogGroup()
+            .orElseThrow(
+                () -> new IllegalArgumentException("AWS CloudWatch log group 
must be configured"));
+    this.region =
+        Region.of(
+            config
+                .awsCloudwatchRegion()
+                .orElseThrow(
+                    () ->
+                        new IllegalArgumentException("AWS CloudWatch region 
must be configured")));
+    this.synchronousMode = Boolean.parseBoolean(config.synchronousMode());
+  }
+
+  @PostConstruct
+  void start() {
+    this.client = createCloudWatchClient();
+    ensureLogGroupAndStream();
+  }
+
+  protected CloudWatchLogsClient createCloudWatchClient() {
+    return CloudWatchLogsClient.builder().region(region).build();
+  }
+
+  private void ensureLogGroupAndStream() {
+    try {
+      
client.createLogGroup(CreateLogGroupRequest.builder().logGroupName(logGroup).build());
+    } catch (ResourceAlreadyExistsException ignored) {
+      LOGGER.debug("Log group {} already exists", logGroup);
+    }
+
+    try {
+      client.createLogStream(
+          
CreateLogStreamRequest.builder().logGroupName(logGroup).logStreamName(logStream).build());
+    } catch (ResourceAlreadyExistsException ignored) {
+      LOGGER.debug("Log stream {} already exists", logStream);
+    }
+
+    sequenceToken = getSequenceToken();
+  }
+
+  private String getSequenceToken() {
+    DescribeLogStreamsResponse response =
+        client.describeLogStreams(
+            DescribeLogStreamsRequest.builder()
+                .logGroupName(logGroup)
+                .logStreamNamePrefix(logStream)
+                .build());
+
+    return response.logStreams().stream()
+        .filter(s -> logStream.equals(s.logStreamName()))
+        .map(LogStream::uploadSequenceToken)
+        .filter(Objects::nonNull)
+        .findFirst()
+        .orElse(null);
+  }
+
+  @PreDestroy
+  void shutdown() {
+    for (Future<?> future : futures.keySet()) {
+      if (!future.state().equals(Future.State.SUCCESS)) {
+        LOGGER.debug(
+            "Event not emitted to AWS CloudWatch due to being in state {}: {}",
+            future.state(),
+            futures.get(future).inputLogEvent);
+        future.cancel(true);
+      }
+    }
+    if (client != null) {
+      client.close();
+    }
+  }
+
+  private void sendAndHandleCloudWatchCall(InputLogEvent event) {
+    try {
+      sendToCloudWatch(event);
+    } catch (DataAlreadyAcceptedException e) {
+      LOGGER.debug("Data already accepted: {}", e.getMessage());
+    } catch (RuntimeException e) {
+      if (e instanceof SdkClientException
+          || e instanceof InvalidParameterException
+          || e instanceof UnrecognizedClientException) {
+        LOGGER.error(
+            "Error writing logs to CloudWatch - client-side error. Please 
adjust Polaris configurations: {}",
+            e.getMessage());
+      } else {
+        LOGGER.error("Error writing logs to CloudWatch - server-side error: 
{}", e.getMessage());
+      }
+      throw e;
+    } finally {
+      try {
+        reapFuturesMap();
+      } catch (Exception e) {
+        LOGGER.debug("Futures map could not be reaped: {}", e.getMessage());
+      }
+    }
+  }
+
+  private void sendToCloudWatch(InputLogEvent event) {
+    PutLogEventsRequest.Builder requestBuilder =
+        PutLogEventsRequest.builder()
+            .logGroupName(logGroup)
+            .logStreamName(logStream)
+            .logEvents(List.of(event));
+
+    synchronized (this) {
+      if (sequenceToken != null) {
+        requestBuilder.sequenceToken(sequenceToken);
+      }
+
+      try {
+        executePutLogEvents(requestBuilder);
+      } catch (InvalidSequenceTokenException e) {
+        sequenceToken = getSequenceToken();
+        requestBuilder.sequenceToken(sequenceToken);
+        executePutLogEvents(requestBuilder);
+      }
+    }
+  }
+
+  private void executePutLogEvents(PutLogEventsRequest.Builder requestBuilder) 
{
+    PutLogEventsResponse response = 
client.putLogEvents(requestBuilder.build());
+    sequenceToken = response.nextSequenceToken();
+  }
+
+  private void reapFuturesMap() {
+    for (Future<?> future : futures.keySet()) {
+      if (future.isDone()) {
+        Future.State currFutureState = future.state();
+        EventWithRetry currValue = futures.remove(future);
+        if (currValue == null) {
+          // This future was removed by some other thread and will be 
processed in that thread.
+          continue;
+        }
+        if (currFutureState.equals(Future.State.FAILED)
+            || currFutureState.equals(Future.State.CANCELLED)) {
+          if (currValue.retryCount >= 3) {
+            LOGGER.error("Event retries failed. Event dropped: {}", 
currValue.inputLogEvent);
+          } else {
+            EventWithRetry newValue =
+                new EventWithRetry(currValue.inputLogEvent, 
currValue.retryCount + 1);
+            future =
+                executorService.submit(() -> 
sendAndHandleCloudWatchCall(newValue.inputLogEvent));
+            futures.put(future, newValue);
+          }
+        }
+      }
+    }

Review Comment:
   I don't see the race condition, to be honest. But I have changed over to the 
async CloudWatchClient regardless - PTAL.



##########
runtime/service/src/main/java/org/apache/polaris/service/events/jsonEventListener/aws/cloudwatch/AwsCloudWatchEventListener.java:
##########
@@ -0,0 +1,276 @@
+/*
+ * Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one
+ * or more contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file
+ * distributed with this work for additional information
+ * regarding copyright ownership.  The ASF licenses this file
+ * to you under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the
+ * "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance
+ * with the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *   http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing,
+ * software distributed under the License is distributed on an
+ * "AS IS" BASIS, WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY
+ * KIND, either express or implied.  See the License for the
+ * specific language governing permissions and limitations
+ * under the License.
+ */
+
+package org.apache.polaris.service.events.jsonEventListener.aws.cloudwatch;
+
+import com.fasterxml.jackson.core.JsonProcessingException;
+import com.fasterxml.jackson.databind.ObjectMapper;
+import com.google.common.annotations.VisibleForTesting;
+import io.smallrye.common.annotation.Identifier;
+import jakarta.annotation.PostConstruct;
+import jakarta.annotation.PreDestroy;
+import jakarta.enterprise.context.ApplicationScoped;
+import jakarta.inject.Inject;
+import jakarta.ws.rs.core.Context;
+import jakarta.ws.rs.core.SecurityContext;
+import java.util.HashMap;
+import java.util.List;
+import java.util.Objects;
+import java.util.concurrent.ConcurrentHashMap;
+import java.util.concurrent.ExecutorService;
+import java.util.concurrent.Future;
+import org.apache.polaris.core.context.CallContext;
+import org.apache.polaris.service.events.jsonEventListener.JsonEventListener;
+import org.slf4j.Logger;
+import org.slf4j.LoggerFactory;
+import software.amazon.awssdk.core.exception.SdkClientException;
+import software.amazon.awssdk.regions.Region;
+import software.amazon.awssdk.services.cloudwatchlogs.CloudWatchLogsClient;
+import 
software.amazon.awssdk.services.cloudwatchlogs.model.CreateLogGroupRequest;
+import 
software.amazon.awssdk.services.cloudwatchlogs.model.CreateLogStreamRequest;
+import 
software.amazon.awssdk.services.cloudwatchlogs.model.DataAlreadyAcceptedException;
+import 
software.amazon.awssdk.services.cloudwatchlogs.model.DescribeLogStreamsRequest;
+import 
software.amazon.awssdk.services.cloudwatchlogs.model.DescribeLogStreamsResponse;
+import software.amazon.awssdk.services.cloudwatchlogs.model.InputLogEvent;
+import 
software.amazon.awssdk.services.cloudwatchlogs.model.InvalidParameterException;
+import 
software.amazon.awssdk.services.cloudwatchlogs.model.InvalidSequenceTokenException;
+import software.amazon.awssdk.services.cloudwatchlogs.model.LogStream;
+import 
software.amazon.awssdk.services.cloudwatchlogs.model.PutLogEventsRequest;
+import 
software.amazon.awssdk.services.cloudwatchlogs.model.PutLogEventsResponse;
+import 
software.amazon.awssdk.services.cloudwatchlogs.model.ResourceAlreadyExistsException;
+import 
software.amazon.awssdk.services.cloudwatchlogs.model.UnrecognizedClientException;
+
+@ApplicationScoped
+@Identifier("aws-cloudwatch")
+public class AwsCloudWatchEventListener extends JsonEventListener {
+  private static final Logger LOGGER = 
LoggerFactory.getLogger(AwsCloudWatchEventListener.class);
+  private final ObjectMapper objectMapper = new ObjectMapper();
+  private final ConcurrentHashMap<Future<?>, EventWithRetry> futures = new 
ConcurrentHashMap<>();
+
+  record EventWithRetry(InputLogEvent inputLogEvent, int retryCount) {}
+
+  private CloudWatchLogsClient client;
+  private volatile String sequenceToken;
+
+  ExecutorService executorService;
+
+  private final String logGroup;
+  private final String logStream;
+  private final Region region;
+  private final boolean synchronousMode;
+
+  @Inject CallContext callContext;
+
+  @Context SecurityContext securityContext;
+
+  @Inject
+  public AwsCloudWatchEventListener(
+      AwsCloudWatchConfiguration config, ExecutorService executorService) {
+    this.executorService = executorService;
+
+    this.logStream =
+        config
+            .awsCloudwatchlogStream()
+            .orElseThrow(
+                () -> new IllegalArgumentException("AWS CloudWatch log stream 
must be configured"));
+    this.logGroup =
+        config
+            .awsCloudwatchlogGroup()
+            .orElseThrow(
+                () -> new IllegalArgumentException("AWS CloudWatch log group 
must be configured"));
+    this.region =
+        Region.of(
+            config
+                .awsCloudwatchRegion()
+                .orElseThrow(
+                    () ->
+                        new IllegalArgumentException("AWS CloudWatch region 
must be configured")));
+    this.synchronousMode = Boolean.parseBoolean(config.synchronousMode());
+  }
+
+  @PostConstruct
+  void start() {
+    this.client = createCloudWatchClient();
+    ensureLogGroupAndStream();
+  }
+
+  protected CloudWatchLogsClient createCloudWatchClient() {
+    return CloudWatchLogsClient.builder().region(region).build();
+  }
+
+  private void ensureLogGroupAndStream() {
+    try {
+      
client.createLogGroup(CreateLogGroupRequest.builder().logGroupName(logGroup).build());
+    } catch (ResourceAlreadyExistsException ignored) {
+      LOGGER.debug("Log group {} already exists", logGroup);
+    }
+
+    try {
+      client.createLogStream(
+          
CreateLogStreamRequest.builder().logGroupName(logGroup).logStreamName(logStream).build());
+    } catch (ResourceAlreadyExistsException ignored) {
+      LOGGER.debug("Log stream {} already exists", logStream);
+    }
+
+    sequenceToken = getSequenceToken();
+  }
+
+  private String getSequenceToken() {
+    DescribeLogStreamsResponse response =
+        client.describeLogStreams(
+            DescribeLogStreamsRequest.builder()
+                .logGroupName(logGroup)
+                .logStreamNamePrefix(logStream)
+                .build());
+
+    return response.logStreams().stream()
+        .filter(s -> logStream.equals(s.logStreamName()))
+        .map(LogStream::uploadSequenceToken)
+        .filter(Objects::nonNull)
+        .findFirst()
+        .orElse(null);
+  }
+
+  @PreDestroy
+  void shutdown() {
+    for (Future<?> future : futures.keySet()) {
+      if (!future.state().equals(Future.State.SUCCESS)) {
+        LOGGER.debug(
+            "Event not emitted to AWS CloudWatch due to being in state {}: {}",
+            future.state(),
+            futures.get(future).inputLogEvent);
+        future.cancel(true);
+      }
+    }
+    if (client != null) {
+      client.close();
+    }
+  }
+
+  private void sendAndHandleCloudWatchCall(InputLogEvent event) {
+    try {
+      sendToCloudWatch(event);
+    } catch (DataAlreadyAcceptedException e) {
+      LOGGER.debug("Data already accepted: {}", e.getMessage());
+    } catch (RuntimeException e) {
+      if (e instanceof SdkClientException
+          || e instanceof InvalidParameterException
+          || e instanceof UnrecognizedClientException) {
+        LOGGER.error(
+            "Error writing logs to CloudWatch - client-side error. Please 
adjust Polaris configurations: {}",
+            e.getMessage());
+      } else {
+        LOGGER.error("Error writing logs to CloudWatch - server-side error: 
{}", e.getMessage());
+      }
+      throw e;
+    } finally {
+      try {
+        reapFuturesMap();
+      } catch (Exception e) {
+        LOGGER.debug("Futures map could not be reaped: {}", e.getMessage());
+      }
+    }
+  }
+
+  private void sendToCloudWatch(InputLogEvent event) {
+    PutLogEventsRequest.Builder requestBuilder =
+        PutLogEventsRequest.builder()
+            .logGroupName(logGroup)
+            .logStreamName(logStream)
+            .logEvents(List.of(event));
+
+    synchronized (this) {
+      if (sequenceToken != null) {
+        requestBuilder.sequenceToken(sequenceToken);
+      }
+
+      try {
+        executePutLogEvents(requestBuilder);
+      } catch (InvalidSequenceTokenException e) {
+        sequenceToken = getSequenceToken();
+        requestBuilder.sequenceToken(sequenceToken);
+        executePutLogEvents(requestBuilder);
+      }

Review Comment:
   This is a newer thing that has come out that I wasn't aware of - thanks! 
I've made the change to remove the sequence token.



##########
runtime/service/src/main/java/org/apache/polaris/service/events/jsonEventListener/aws/cloudwatch/AwsCloudWatchEventListener.java:
##########
@@ -0,0 +1,276 @@
+/*
+ * Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one
+ * or more contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file
+ * distributed with this work for additional information
+ * regarding copyright ownership.  The ASF licenses this file
+ * to you under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the
+ * "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance
+ * with the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *   http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing,
+ * software distributed under the License is distributed on an
+ * "AS IS" BASIS, WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY
+ * KIND, either express or implied.  See the License for the
+ * specific language governing permissions and limitations
+ * under the License.
+ */
+
+package org.apache.polaris.service.events.jsonEventListener.aws.cloudwatch;
+
+import com.fasterxml.jackson.core.JsonProcessingException;
+import com.fasterxml.jackson.databind.ObjectMapper;
+import com.google.common.annotations.VisibleForTesting;
+import io.smallrye.common.annotation.Identifier;
+import jakarta.annotation.PostConstruct;
+import jakarta.annotation.PreDestroy;
+import jakarta.enterprise.context.ApplicationScoped;
+import jakarta.inject.Inject;
+import jakarta.ws.rs.core.Context;
+import jakarta.ws.rs.core.SecurityContext;
+import java.util.HashMap;
+import java.util.List;
+import java.util.Objects;
+import java.util.concurrent.ConcurrentHashMap;
+import java.util.concurrent.ExecutorService;
+import java.util.concurrent.Future;
+import org.apache.polaris.core.context.CallContext;
+import org.apache.polaris.service.events.jsonEventListener.JsonEventListener;
+import org.slf4j.Logger;
+import org.slf4j.LoggerFactory;
+import software.amazon.awssdk.core.exception.SdkClientException;
+import software.amazon.awssdk.regions.Region;
+import software.amazon.awssdk.services.cloudwatchlogs.CloudWatchLogsClient;
+import 
software.amazon.awssdk.services.cloudwatchlogs.model.CreateLogGroupRequest;
+import 
software.amazon.awssdk.services.cloudwatchlogs.model.CreateLogStreamRequest;
+import 
software.amazon.awssdk.services.cloudwatchlogs.model.DataAlreadyAcceptedException;
+import 
software.amazon.awssdk.services.cloudwatchlogs.model.DescribeLogStreamsRequest;
+import 
software.amazon.awssdk.services.cloudwatchlogs.model.DescribeLogStreamsResponse;
+import software.amazon.awssdk.services.cloudwatchlogs.model.InputLogEvent;
+import 
software.amazon.awssdk.services.cloudwatchlogs.model.InvalidParameterException;
+import 
software.amazon.awssdk.services.cloudwatchlogs.model.InvalidSequenceTokenException;
+import software.amazon.awssdk.services.cloudwatchlogs.model.LogStream;
+import 
software.amazon.awssdk.services.cloudwatchlogs.model.PutLogEventsRequest;
+import 
software.amazon.awssdk.services.cloudwatchlogs.model.PutLogEventsResponse;
+import 
software.amazon.awssdk.services.cloudwatchlogs.model.ResourceAlreadyExistsException;
+import 
software.amazon.awssdk.services.cloudwatchlogs.model.UnrecognizedClientException;
+
+@ApplicationScoped
+@Identifier("aws-cloudwatch")
+public class AwsCloudWatchEventListener extends JsonEventListener {
+  private static final Logger LOGGER = 
LoggerFactory.getLogger(AwsCloudWatchEventListener.class);
+  private final ObjectMapper objectMapper = new ObjectMapper();
+  private final ConcurrentHashMap<Future<?>, EventWithRetry> futures = new 
ConcurrentHashMap<>();
+
+  record EventWithRetry(InputLogEvent inputLogEvent, int retryCount) {}
+
+  private CloudWatchLogsClient client;
+  private volatile String sequenceToken;
+
+  ExecutorService executorService;
+
+  private final String logGroup;
+  private final String logStream;
+  private final Region region;
+  private final boolean synchronousMode;
+
+  @Inject CallContext callContext;
+
+  @Context SecurityContext securityContext;
+
+  @Inject
+  public AwsCloudWatchEventListener(
+      AwsCloudWatchConfiguration config, ExecutorService executorService) {
+    this.executorService = executorService;
+
+    this.logStream =
+        config
+            .awsCloudwatchlogStream()
+            .orElseThrow(
+                () -> new IllegalArgumentException("AWS CloudWatch log stream 
must be configured"));
+    this.logGroup =
+        config
+            .awsCloudwatchlogGroup()
+            .orElseThrow(
+                () -> new IllegalArgumentException("AWS CloudWatch log group 
must be configured"));
+    this.region =
+        Region.of(
+            config
+                .awsCloudwatchRegion()
+                .orElseThrow(
+                    () ->
+                        new IllegalArgumentException("AWS CloudWatch region 
must be configured")));
+    this.synchronousMode = Boolean.parseBoolean(config.synchronousMode());
+  }
+
+  @PostConstruct
+  void start() {
+    this.client = createCloudWatchClient();
+    ensureLogGroupAndStream();
+  }
+
+  protected CloudWatchLogsClient createCloudWatchClient() {
+    return CloudWatchLogsClient.builder().region(region).build();
+  }
+
+  private void ensureLogGroupAndStream() {
+    try {
+      
client.createLogGroup(CreateLogGroupRequest.builder().logGroupName(logGroup).build());
+    } catch (ResourceAlreadyExistsException ignored) {
+      LOGGER.debug("Log group {} already exists", logGroup);
+    }
+
+    try {
+      client.createLogStream(
+          
CreateLogStreamRequest.builder().logGroupName(logGroup).logStreamName(logStream).build());
+    } catch (ResourceAlreadyExistsException ignored) {
+      LOGGER.debug("Log stream {} already exists", logStream);
+    }
+
+    sequenceToken = getSequenceToken();
+  }
+
+  private String getSequenceToken() {
+    DescribeLogStreamsResponse response =
+        client.describeLogStreams(
+            DescribeLogStreamsRequest.builder()
+                .logGroupName(logGroup)
+                .logStreamNamePrefix(logStream)
+                .build());
+
+    return response.logStreams().stream()
+        .filter(s -> logStream.equals(s.logStreamName()))
+        .map(LogStream::uploadSequenceToken)
+        .filter(Objects::nonNull)
+        .findFirst()
+        .orElse(null);
+  }
+
+  @PreDestroy
+  void shutdown() {
+    for (Future<?> future : futures.keySet()) {
+      if (!future.state().equals(Future.State.SUCCESS)) {
+        LOGGER.debug(
+            "Event not emitted to AWS CloudWatch due to being in state {}: {}",
+            future.state(),
+            futures.get(future).inputLogEvent);
+        future.cancel(true);
+      }
+    }
+    if (client != null) {
+      client.close();
+    }
+  }
+
+  private void sendAndHandleCloudWatchCall(InputLogEvent event) {
+    try {
+      sendToCloudWatch(event);
+    } catch (DataAlreadyAcceptedException e) {
+      LOGGER.debug("Data already accepted: {}", e.getMessage());
+    } catch (RuntimeException e) {
+      if (e instanceof SdkClientException
+          || e instanceof InvalidParameterException
+          || e instanceof UnrecognizedClientException) {
+        LOGGER.error(
+            "Error writing logs to CloudWatch - client-side error. Please 
adjust Polaris configurations: {}",
+            e.getMessage());
+      } else {
+        LOGGER.error("Error writing logs to CloudWatch - server-side error: 
{}", e.getMessage());
+      }
+      throw e;
+    } finally {
+      try {
+        reapFuturesMap();
+      } catch (Exception e) {
+        LOGGER.debug("Futures map could not be reaped: {}", e.getMessage());
+      }
+    }
+  }
+
+  private void sendToCloudWatch(InputLogEvent event) {
+    PutLogEventsRequest.Builder requestBuilder =
+        PutLogEventsRequest.builder()
+            .logGroupName(logGroup)
+            .logStreamName(logStream)
+            .logEvents(List.of(event));
+
+    synchronized (this) {
+      if (sequenceToken != null) {
+        requestBuilder.sequenceToken(sequenceToken);
+      }
+
+      try {
+        executePutLogEvents(requestBuilder);
+      } catch (InvalidSequenceTokenException e) {
+        sequenceToken = getSequenceToken();
+        requestBuilder.sequenceToken(sequenceToken);
+        executePutLogEvents(requestBuilder);
+      }
+    }
+  }
+
+  private void executePutLogEvents(PutLogEventsRequest.Builder requestBuilder) 
{
+    PutLogEventsResponse response = 
client.putLogEvents(requestBuilder.build());
+    sequenceToken = response.nextSequenceToken();
+  }
+
+  private void reapFuturesMap() {
+    for (Future<?> future : futures.keySet()) {
+      if (future.isDone()) {
+        Future.State currFutureState = future.state();
+        EventWithRetry currValue = futures.remove(future);
+        if (currValue == null) {
+          // This future was removed by some other thread and will be 
processed in that thread.
+          continue;
+        }
+        if (currFutureState.equals(Future.State.FAILED)
+            || currFutureState.equals(Future.State.CANCELLED)) {
+          if (currValue.retryCount >= 3) {
+            LOGGER.error("Event retries failed. Event dropped: {}", 
currValue.inputLogEvent);
+          } else {
+            EventWithRetry newValue =
+                new EventWithRetry(currValue.inputLogEvent, 
currValue.retryCount + 1);
+            future =
+                executorService.submit(() -> 
sendAndHandleCloudWatchCall(newValue.inputLogEvent));
+            futures.put(future, newValue);
+          }
+        }
+      }
+    }
+  }
+
+  @Override
+  protected void transformAndSendEvent(HashMap<String, Object> properties) {
+    properties.put("realm", 
callContext.getRealmContext().getRealmIdentifier());
+    properties.put("principal", securityContext.getUserPrincipal().getName());
+    // TODO: Add request ID when it is available
+    String eventAsJson;
+    try {
+      eventAsJson = objectMapper.writeValueAsString(properties);
+    } catch (JsonProcessingException e) {
+      LOGGER.error("Error processing event into JSON string: {}", 
e.getMessage());
+      return;
+    }
+    InputLogEvent inputLogEvent = createLogEvent(eventAsJson, 
getCurrentTimestamp(callContext));
+    if (!synchronousMode) {
+      Future<?> future = executorService.submit(() -> 
sendAndHandleCloudWatchCall(inputLogEvent));
+      futures.put(future, new EventWithRetry(inputLogEvent, 0));

Review Comment:
   Switched to it.



##########
runtime/service/src/main/java/org/apache/polaris/service/admin/PolarisServiceImpl.java:
##########
@@ -103,7 +104,8 @@ public PolarisServiceImpl(
       UserSecretsManagerFactory userSecretsManagerFactory,
       PolarisAuthorizer polarisAuthorizer,
       CallContext callContext,
-      ReservedProperties reservedProperties) {
+      ReservedProperties reservedProperties,
+      PolarisEventListener polarisEventListener) {

Review Comment:
   Good point, removed in the next revision.



##########
runtime/service/src/main/java/org/apache/polaris/service/events/jsonEventListener/aws/cloudwatch/AwsCloudWatchConfiguration.java:
##########
@@ -0,0 +1,33 @@
+/*
+ * Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one
+ * or more contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file
+ * distributed with this work for additional information
+ * regarding copyright ownership.  The ASF licenses this file
+ * to you under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the
+ * "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance
+ * with the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *   http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing,
+ * software distributed under the License is distributed on an
+ * "AS IS" BASIS, WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY
+ * KIND, either express or implied.  See the License for the
+ * specific language governing permissions and limitations
+ * under the License.
+ */
+
+package org.apache.polaris.service.events.jsonEventListener.aws.cloudwatch;
+
+import java.util.Optional;
+
+/** Configuration interface for AWS CloudWatch event listener settings. */
+public interface AwsCloudWatchConfiguration {
+  Optional<String> awsCloudwatchlogGroup();
+
+  Optional<String> awsCloudwatchlogStream();
+
+  Optional<String> awsCloudwatchRegion();
+
+  String synchronousMode();

Review Comment:
   Changed in the next revision.



##########
runtime/service/src/main/java/org/apache/polaris/service/events/jsonEventListener/aws/cloudwatch/AwsCloudWatchEventListener.java:
##########
@@ -0,0 +1,276 @@
+/*
+ * Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one
+ * or more contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file
+ * distributed with this work for additional information
+ * regarding copyright ownership.  The ASF licenses this file
+ * to you under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the
+ * "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance
+ * with the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *   http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing,
+ * software distributed under the License is distributed on an
+ * "AS IS" BASIS, WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY
+ * KIND, either express or implied.  See the License for the
+ * specific language governing permissions and limitations
+ * under the License.
+ */
+
+package org.apache.polaris.service.events.jsonEventListener.aws.cloudwatch;
+
+import com.fasterxml.jackson.core.JsonProcessingException;
+import com.fasterxml.jackson.databind.ObjectMapper;
+import com.google.common.annotations.VisibleForTesting;
+import io.smallrye.common.annotation.Identifier;
+import jakarta.annotation.PostConstruct;
+import jakarta.annotation.PreDestroy;
+import jakarta.enterprise.context.ApplicationScoped;
+import jakarta.inject.Inject;
+import jakarta.ws.rs.core.Context;
+import jakarta.ws.rs.core.SecurityContext;
+import java.util.HashMap;
+import java.util.List;
+import java.util.Objects;
+import java.util.concurrent.ConcurrentHashMap;
+import java.util.concurrent.ExecutorService;
+import java.util.concurrent.Future;
+import org.apache.polaris.core.context.CallContext;
+import org.apache.polaris.service.events.jsonEventListener.JsonEventListener;
+import org.slf4j.Logger;
+import org.slf4j.LoggerFactory;
+import software.amazon.awssdk.core.exception.SdkClientException;
+import software.amazon.awssdk.regions.Region;
+import software.amazon.awssdk.services.cloudwatchlogs.CloudWatchLogsClient;
+import 
software.amazon.awssdk.services.cloudwatchlogs.model.CreateLogGroupRequest;
+import 
software.amazon.awssdk.services.cloudwatchlogs.model.CreateLogStreamRequest;
+import 
software.amazon.awssdk.services.cloudwatchlogs.model.DataAlreadyAcceptedException;
+import 
software.amazon.awssdk.services.cloudwatchlogs.model.DescribeLogStreamsRequest;
+import 
software.amazon.awssdk.services.cloudwatchlogs.model.DescribeLogStreamsResponse;
+import software.amazon.awssdk.services.cloudwatchlogs.model.InputLogEvent;
+import 
software.amazon.awssdk.services.cloudwatchlogs.model.InvalidParameterException;
+import 
software.amazon.awssdk.services.cloudwatchlogs.model.InvalidSequenceTokenException;
+import software.amazon.awssdk.services.cloudwatchlogs.model.LogStream;
+import 
software.amazon.awssdk.services.cloudwatchlogs.model.PutLogEventsRequest;
+import 
software.amazon.awssdk.services.cloudwatchlogs.model.PutLogEventsResponse;
+import 
software.amazon.awssdk.services.cloudwatchlogs.model.ResourceAlreadyExistsException;
+import 
software.amazon.awssdk.services.cloudwatchlogs.model.UnrecognizedClientException;
+
+@ApplicationScoped
+@Identifier("aws-cloudwatch")
+public class AwsCloudWatchEventListener extends JsonEventListener {
+  private static final Logger LOGGER = 
LoggerFactory.getLogger(AwsCloudWatchEventListener.class);
+  private final ObjectMapper objectMapper = new ObjectMapper();
+  private final ConcurrentHashMap<Future<?>, EventWithRetry> futures = new 
ConcurrentHashMap<>();
+
+  record EventWithRetry(InputLogEvent inputLogEvent, int retryCount) {}

Review Comment:
   Got it, I will remove all retries.



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