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https://issues.apache.org/jira/browse/RATIS-1838?page=com.atlassian.jira.plugin.system.issuetabpanels:comment-tabpanel&focusedCommentId=17716767#comment-17716767
 ] 

Tsz-wo Sze commented on RATIS-1838:
-----------------------------------

[~William Song], all three ideas are good; see the comments below. Could you 
test them?
{quote}The assertions should compare snapshot last included with commit index 
rather that next index.
{quote}
You are right. It should compare the commit index.
{quote}... can we just simply reply ALREADY_INSTALLED?
{quote}
Yes, this is a good idea.
{quote}onError only happens when grpc connections has something wrong ...
{quote}
The code supports follower to reply error on a request. The follower can return 
an exception with a call id; see 
[https://github.com/apache/ratis/blob/60587b63a4401cc6160907d33fb5cd89dbbdc724/ratis-grpc/src/main/java/org/apache/ratis/grpc/server/GrpcLogAppender.java#L419]

We could try not decreasing the next index when request == null.
{code:java}
+++ b/ratis-grpc/src/main/java/org/apache/ratis/grpc/server/GrpcLogAppender.java
@@ -123,8 +123,8 @@ public class GrpcLogAppender extends LogAppenderBase {
           .map(AppendEntriesRequest::getPreviousLog)
           .map(TermIndex::getIndex)
           .orElseGet(f::getMatchIndex);
-      if (onError && f.getMatchIndex() == 0 && request == null) {
-        LOG.warn("{}: Follower failed when matchIndex == 0, " +
+      if (onError && request == null) {
+        LOG.warn("{}: Follower failed and request == null, " +
           " keep nextIndex ({}) unchanged and retry.", this, f.getNextIndex());
         return;
       }
{code}

> java.lang.IllegalStateException thrown when nextIndex in follower is 
> inconsistent with leader's snapshot
> --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
>
>                 Key: RATIS-1838
>                 URL: https://issues.apache.org/jira/browse/RATIS-1838
>             Project: Ratis
>          Issue Type: Bug
>          Components: snapshot
>    Affects Versions: 2.5.0
>            Reporter: Song Ziyang
>            Priority: Major
>         Attachments: image-2023-04-25-22-10-01-209.png
>
>
> h3. 1. Error Stack
> !image-2023-04-25-22-10-01-209.png!
>  
> The reason: The leader sets follower's nextIndex to 0 in 
> [https://github.com/apache/ratis/blob/60587b63a4401cc6160907d33fb5cd89dbbdc724/ratis-grpc/src/main/java/org/apache/ratis/grpc/server/GrpcLogAppender.java#L134]
>  and then sends a snapshot to the follower.
> The SnapshotInstallationHandler in follower asserts it's a stale snapshot and 
> throws a unrecoverable IllegalStatementException.
>  
> h3. ISSUE 1
> The assertions should compare snapshot last included with *commit index* 
> rather that next index. 
> [https://github.com/apache/ratis/blob/60587b63a4401cc6160907d33fb5cd89dbbdc724/ratis-server/src/main/java/org/apache/ratis/server/impl/SnapshotInstallationHandler.java#L177-L179]
>  
>  
> h3. ISSUE 2
> When a follower receives a stale snapshot from leader, rather than throwing a 
> IlleaglStatementException in assert, can we just simply reply 
> ALREADY_INSTALLED?
>  
> h3. ISSUE 3
> When appendEntriesHandler onError is called, shall we remain the nextIndex 
> unchanged? 
> [https://github.com/apache/ratis/blob/60587b63a4401cc6160907d33fb5cd89dbbdc724/ratis-grpc/src/main/java/org/apache/ratis/grpc/server/GrpcLogAppender.java#L420]
>  
> onError only happens when grpc connections has something wrong (channel 
> disconnected, timeout, etc) and the leader receives no reply. I think we can 
> keep nextIndex unchanged and retry. When the communications are restored, let 
> onNext decide what is the correct nextIndex (may experience INCONSISTENCY). 



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