paleolimbot commented on code in PR #33:
URL: https://github.com/apache/sedona-db/pull/33#discussion_r2326121945


##########
python/sedonadb/tests/functions/test_functions.py:
##########
@@ -493,18 +493,19 @@ def test_st_isempty(eng, geom, expected):
     ("geom", "expected"),
     [
         (None, None),
-        ("POINT EMPTY", 0),
+        # ("POINT EMPTY", 0),  # Not supported by geo implementation - throws 
ArrowInvalid error

Review Comment:
   We still have to handle these cases in the implementations (in this case, 
before they get passed to `to_geo()`).



##########
python/sedonadb/tests/functions/test_functions.py:
##########
@@ -493,18 +493,19 @@ def test_st_isempty(eng, geom, expected):
     ("geom", "expected"),
     [
         (None, None),
-        ("POINT EMPTY", 0),
+        # ("POINT EMPTY", 0),  # Not supported by geo implementation - throws 
ArrowInvalid error
         ("LINESTRING EMPTY", 0),
         ("POINT (0 0)", 0),
         ("LINESTRING (0 0, 0 1)", 1),
         ("MULTIPOINT ((0 0), (1 1))", 0),
         ("MULTILINESTRING ((0 0, 1 1), (1 1, 2 2))", 2.8284271247461903),
-        # Polygons contribute 0 because perimeters aren't included in the 
length calculation
-        ("POLYGON ((0 0, 1 0, 1 1, 0 1, 0 0))", 0),
-        ("MULTIPOLYGON (((0 0, 1 0, 1 1, 0 1, 0 0)), ((0 0, 1 0, 1 1, 0 1, 0 
0)))", 0),
+        # Geo implementation calculates polygon perimeters as length (differs 
from OGC standard)
+        # This provides more comprehensive length calculation including 
polygon boundaries
+        ("POLYGON ((0 0, 1 0, 1 1, 0 1, 0 0))", 4.0),
+        ("MULTIPOLYGON (((0 0, 1 0, 1 1, 0 1, 0 0)), ((0 0, 1 0, 1 1, 0 1, 0 
0)))", 8.0),

Review Comment:
   We still need to these to implemented correctly (this is the challenge with 
using the geo library for these functions)



##########
rust/sedona-geo/src/st_centroid.rs:
##########
@@ -0,0 +1,155 @@
+// Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one
+// or more contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file
+// distributed with this work for additional information
+// regarding copyright ownership.  The ASF licenses this file
+// to you under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the
+// "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance
+// with the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at
+//
+//   http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+//
+// Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing,
+// software distributed under the License is distributed on an
+// "AS IS" BASIS, WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY
+// KIND, either express or implied.  See the License for the
+// specific language governing permissions and limitations
+// under the License.
+
+use std::sync::Arc;
+
+use arrow_array::builder::BinaryBuilder;
+use datafusion_common::error::Result;
+use datafusion_expr::ColumnarValue;
+use sedona_expr::scalar_udf::{ArgMatcher, ScalarKernelRef, SedonaScalarKernel};
+use sedona_functions::executor::WkbExecutor;
+use sedona_schema::datatypes::{SedonaType, WKB_GEOMETRY};
+use wkb::reader::Wkb;
+
+use crate::centroid::extract_centroid_2d;
+
+/// ST_Centroid() implementation using centroid extraction
+pub fn st_centroid_impl() -> ScalarKernelRef {
+    Arc::new(STCentroid {})
+}
+
+#[derive(Debug)]
+struct STCentroid {}
+
+impl SedonaScalarKernel for STCentroid {
+    fn return_type(&self, args: &[SedonaType]) -> Result<Option<SedonaType>> {
+        let matcher = ArgMatcher::new(vec![ArgMatcher::is_geometry()], 
WKB_GEOMETRY);
+
+        matcher.match_args(args)
+    }
+
+    fn invoke_batch(
+        &self,
+        arg_types: &[SedonaType],
+        args: &[ColumnarValue],
+    ) -> Result<ColumnarValue> {
+        let executor = WkbExecutor::new(arg_types, args);
+        let mut builder = 
BinaryBuilder::with_capacity(executor.num_iterations(), 1024);
+        executor.execute_wkb_void(|maybe_wkb| {
+            match maybe_wkb {
+                Some(wkb) => {
+                    let centroid_wkb = invoke_scalar(&wkb)?;
+                    builder.append_value(&centroid_wkb);
+                }
+                _ => builder.append_null(),
+            }
+
+            Ok(())
+        })?;
+
+        executor.finish(Arc::new(builder.finish()))
+    }
+}
+
+fn invoke_scalar(wkb: &Wkb) -> Result<Vec<u8>> {
+    let (x, y) = extract_centroid_2d(wkb)?;
+
+    // Create WKB for POINT geometry
+    if x.is_nan() || y.is_nan() {
+        // Return POINT EMPTY
+        Ok(create_empty_point_wkb())
+    } else {
+        Ok(create_point_wkb(x, y))
+    }
+}
+
+fn create_point_wkb(x: f64, y: f64) -> Vec<u8> {
+    let mut wkb = Vec::with_capacity(21);
+    // Little endian
+    wkb.push(0x01);
+    // Point geometry type (1)
+    wkb.extend_from_slice(&1u32.to_le_bytes());
+    // X coordinate
+    wkb.extend_from_slice(&x.to_le_bytes());
+    // Y coordinate
+    wkb.extend_from_slice(&y.to_le_bytes());
+    wkb
+}

Review Comment:
   I believe there's a factory function for this in sedona-geometry



##########
rust/sedona-geo/src/st_centroid.rs:
##########
@@ -0,0 +1,155 @@
+// Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one
+// or more contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file
+// distributed with this work for additional information
+// regarding copyright ownership.  The ASF licenses this file
+// to you under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the
+// "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance
+// with the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at
+//
+//   http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+//
+// Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing,
+// software distributed under the License is distributed on an
+// "AS IS" BASIS, WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY
+// KIND, either express or implied.  See the License for the
+// specific language governing permissions and limitations
+// under the License.
+
+use std::sync::Arc;
+
+use arrow_array::builder::BinaryBuilder;
+use datafusion_common::error::Result;
+use datafusion_expr::ColumnarValue;
+use sedona_expr::scalar_udf::{ArgMatcher, ScalarKernelRef, SedonaScalarKernel};
+use sedona_functions::executor::WkbExecutor;
+use sedona_schema::datatypes::{SedonaType, WKB_GEOMETRY};
+use wkb::reader::Wkb;
+
+use crate::centroid::extract_centroid_2d;
+
+/// ST_Centroid() implementation using centroid extraction
+pub fn st_centroid_impl() -> ScalarKernelRef {
+    Arc::new(STCentroid {})
+}
+
+#[derive(Debug)]
+struct STCentroid {}
+
+impl SedonaScalarKernel for STCentroid {
+    fn return_type(&self, args: &[SedonaType]) -> Result<Option<SedonaType>> {
+        let matcher = ArgMatcher::new(vec![ArgMatcher::is_geometry()], 
WKB_GEOMETRY);
+
+        matcher.match_args(args)
+    }
+
+    fn invoke_batch(
+        &self,
+        arg_types: &[SedonaType],
+        args: &[ColumnarValue],
+    ) -> Result<ColumnarValue> {
+        let executor = WkbExecutor::new(arg_types, args);
+        let mut builder = 
BinaryBuilder::with_capacity(executor.num_iterations(), 1024);
+        executor.execute_wkb_void(|maybe_wkb| {
+            match maybe_wkb {
+                Some(wkb) => {
+                    let centroid_wkb = invoke_scalar(&wkb)?;
+                    builder.append_value(&centroid_wkb);
+                }
+                _ => builder.append_null(),
+            }
+
+            Ok(())
+        })?;
+
+        executor.finish(Arc::new(builder.finish()))
+    }
+}
+
+fn invoke_scalar(wkb: &Wkb) -> Result<Vec<u8>> {
+    let (x, y) = extract_centroid_2d(wkb)?;
+
+    // Create WKB for POINT geometry
+    if x.is_nan() || y.is_nan() {
+        // Return POINT EMPTY
+        Ok(create_empty_point_wkb())
+    } else {
+        Ok(create_point_wkb(x, y))
+    }
+}
+
+fn create_point_wkb(x: f64, y: f64) -> Vec<u8> {
+    let mut wkb = Vec::with_capacity(21);
+    // Little endian
+    wkb.push(0x01);
+    // Point geometry type (1)
+    wkb.extend_from_slice(&1u32.to_le_bytes());
+    // X coordinate
+    wkb.extend_from_slice(&x.to_le_bytes());
+    // Y coordinate
+    wkb.extend_from_slice(&y.to_le_bytes());
+    wkb
+}
+
+fn create_empty_point_wkb() -> Vec<u8> {
+    let mut wkb = Vec::with_capacity(21);
+    // Little endian
+    wkb.push(0x01);
+    // Point geometry type (1)
+    wkb.extend_from_slice(&1u32.to_le_bytes());
+    // NaN coordinates for empty point
+    wkb.extend_from_slice(&f64::NAN.to_le_bytes());
+    wkb.extend_from_slice(&f64::NAN.to_le_bytes());
+    wkb
+}

Review Comment:
   We have a file sedona-testing/src/fixtures.rs where you can put the rendered 
version of this!



##########
.gitignore:
##########
@@ -36,3 +36,7 @@ coverage/
 
 # documentation
 site/
+
+# Python cache files
+__pycache__/
+benchmarks/__pycache__/

Review Comment:
   nit: I think this works:
   
   ```suggestion
   __pycache__
   ```



##########
rust/sedona-geo/src/st_centroid.rs:
##########
@@ -0,0 +1,155 @@
+// Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one
+// or more contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file
+// distributed with this work for additional information
+// regarding copyright ownership.  The ASF licenses this file
+// to you under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the
+// "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance
+// with the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at
+//
+//   http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+//
+// Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing,
+// software distributed under the License is distributed on an
+// "AS IS" BASIS, WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY
+// KIND, either express or implied.  See the License for the
+// specific language governing permissions and limitations
+// under the License.
+
+use std::sync::Arc;
+
+use arrow_array::builder::BinaryBuilder;
+use datafusion_common::error::Result;
+use datafusion_expr::ColumnarValue;
+use sedona_expr::scalar_udf::{ArgMatcher, ScalarKernelRef, SedonaScalarKernel};
+use sedona_functions::executor::WkbExecutor;
+use sedona_schema::datatypes::{SedonaType, WKB_GEOMETRY};
+use wkb::reader::Wkb;
+
+use crate::centroid::extract_centroid_2d;
+
+/// ST_Centroid() implementation using centroid extraction
+pub fn st_centroid_impl() -> ScalarKernelRef {
+    Arc::new(STCentroid {})
+}
+
+#[derive(Debug)]
+struct STCentroid {}
+
+impl SedonaScalarKernel for STCentroid {
+    fn return_type(&self, args: &[SedonaType]) -> Result<Option<SedonaType>> {
+        let matcher = ArgMatcher::new(vec![ArgMatcher::is_geometry()], 
WKB_GEOMETRY);
+
+        matcher.match_args(args)
+    }
+
+    fn invoke_batch(
+        &self,
+        arg_types: &[SedonaType],
+        args: &[ColumnarValue],
+    ) -> Result<ColumnarValue> {
+        let executor = WkbExecutor::new(arg_types, args);
+        let mut builder = 
BinaryBuilder::with_capacity(executor.num_iterations(), 1024);
+        executor.execute_wkb_void(|maybe_wkb| {
+            match maybe_wkb {
+                Some(wkb) => {
+                    let centroid_wkb = invoke_scalar(&wkb)?;
+                    builder.append_value(&centroid_wkb);
+                }
+                _ => builder.append_null(),
+            }
+
+            Ok(())
+        })?;
+
+        executor.finish(Arc::new(builder.finish()))
+    }
+}
+
+fn invoke_scalar(wkb: &Wkb) -> Result<Vec<u8>> {
+    let (x, y) = extract_centroid_2d(wkb)?;

Review Comment:
   One of the challeneges with centroid in particular is behaviour in 3D (the Z 
and/or M values is interpolated and possibly weighted by the length of the 
segment if I remember correctly, and I have no idea what happens for a Polygon).



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