petern48 commented on code in PR #233:
URL: https://github.com/apache/sedona-db/pull/233#discussion_r2443543609


##########
rust/sedona-geo/src/st_buffer.rs:
##########
@@ -0,0 +1,224 @@
+// Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one
+// or more contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file
+// distributed with this work for additional information
+// regarding copyright ownership.  The ASF licenses this file
+// to you under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the
+// "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance
+// with the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at
+//
+//   http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+//
+// Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing,
+// software distributed under the License is distributed on an
+// "AS IS" BASIS, WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY
+// KIND, either express or implied.  See the License for the
+// specific language governing permissions and limitations
+// under the License.
+
+use std::sync::Arc;
+
+use arrow_array::builder::BinaryBuilder;
+use arrow_schema::DataType;
+use datafusion_common::{error::Result, exec_err, DataFusionError};
+use datafusion_expr::ColumnarValue;
+use geo::algorithm::buffer::{Buffer, BufferStyle};
+use sedona_expr::scalar_udf::{ScalarKernelRef, SedonaScalarKernel};
+use sedona_functions::executor::WkbExecutor;
+use sedona_geometry::wkb_factory::WKB_MIN_PROBABLE_BYTES;
+use sedona_schema::{
+    datatypes::{SedonaType, WKB_GEOMETRY},
+    matchers::ArgMatcher,
+};
+use wkb::{
+    writer::{write_geometry, WriteOptions},
+    Endianness,
+};
+
+/// ST_Centroid() implementation using centroid extraction
+pub fn st_buffer_impl() -> ScalarKernelRef {
+    Arc::new(STBuffer {})
+}
+
+#[derive(Debug)]
+struct STBuffer {}
+
+impl SedonaScalarKernel for STBuffer {
+    fn return_type(&self, args: &[SedonaType]) -> Result<Option<SedonaType>> {
+        let matcher = ArgMatcher::new(
+            vec![ArgMatcher::is_geometry(), ArgMatcher::is_numeric()],
+            WKB_GEOMETRY,
+        );
+
+        matcher.match_args(args)
+    }
+
+    fn invoke_batch(
+        &self,
+        arg_types: &[SedonaType],
+        args: &[ColumnarValue],
+    ) -> Result<ColumnarValue> {
+        // Extract the constant scalar value before looping over the input 
geometries
+        let params: Option<BufferStyle<f64>>;
+        let arg1 = args[1].cast_to(&DataType::Float64, None)?;
+        if let ColumnarValue::Scalar(scalar_arg) = &arg1 {
+            if scalar_arg.is_null() {
+                params = None;
+            } else {
+                let distance = f64::try_from(scalar_arg.clone())?;
+                params = Some(BufferStyle::new(distance));
+            }
+        } else {
+            return exec_err!("Invalid distance: {:?}", args[1]);
+        }
+
+        // let executor = GeoTypesExecutor::new(arg_types, args);
+        let executor = WkbExecutor::new(arg_types, args);
+        let mut builder = BinaryBuilder::with_capacity(
+            executor.num_iterations(),
+            WKB_MIN_PROBABLE_BYTES * executor.num_iterations(),
+        );
+        executor.execute_wkb_void(|maybe_wkb| {
+            match (maybe_wkb, params.clone()) {
+                (Some(wkb), Some(params)) => {
+                    invoke_scalar(&wkb, params, &mut builder)?;
+                    builder.append_value([]);
+                }
+                _ => builder.append_null(),
+            }
+
+            Ok(())
+        })?;
+
+        executor.finish(Arc::new(builder.finish()))
+    }
+}
+
+use wkb::reader::Wkb;
+fn invoke_scalar(
+    wkb: &Wkb,
+    params: BufferStyle<f64>,
+    writer: &mut impl std::io::Write,
+) -> Result<()> {
+    use crate::to_geo::item_to_geometry;
+    use geo_types::Polygon;
+    use sedona_geometry::is_empty::is_geometry_empty;
+
+    // PostGIS returns POLYGON EMPTY for all empty geometries
+    let is_empty = is_geometry_empty(wkb).map_err(|e| 
DataFusionError::External(Box::new(e)))?;
+    if is_empty {
+        let empty_polygon = Polygon::<f64>::empty();
+        write_geometry(
+            writer,
+            &empty_polygon,
+            &WriteOptions {
+                endianness: Endianness::LittleEndian,
+            },
+        )
+        .map_err(|e| DataFusionError::External(Box::new(e)))?;
+        return Ok(());
+    }
+
+    let geom = item_to_geometry(wkb)?;
+
+    let buffer = geom.buffer_with_style(params);
+
+    // Convert type to geo::Geometry
+    let geometry = geo::Geometry::MultiPolygon(buffer);
+
+    write_geometry(
+        writer,
+        &geometry,
+        &WriteOptions {
+            endianness: Endianness::LittleEndian,
+        },
+    )
+    .map_err(|e| DataFusionError::External(Box::new(e)))?;
+    Ok(())
+}
+
+#[cfg(test)]
+mod tests {
+    use arrow_array::ArrayRef;
+    use datafusion_common::ScalarValue;
+    use rstest::rstest;
+    use sedona_expr::scalar_udf::SedonaScalarUDF;
+    use sedona_schema::datatypes::{WKB_GEOMETRY, WKB_VIEW_GEOMETRY};
+    use sedona_testing::compare::assert_array_equal;
+    use sedona_testing::create::create_array;
+    use sedona_testing::testers::ScalarUdfTester;
+
+    use super::*;
+
+    #[rstest]
+    fn udf(#[values(WKB_GEOMETRY, WKB_VIEW_GEOMETRY)] sedona_type: SedonaType) 
{
+        let udf = SedonaScalarUDF::from_kernel("st_buffer", st_buffer_impl());
+        let tester = ScalarUdfTester::new(
+            udf.into(),
+            vec![sedona_type.clone(), SedonaType::Arrow(DataType::Float64)],
+        );
+        tester.assert_return_type(WKB_GEOMETRY);
+
+        // Check the envelope of the buffers
+        let envelope_udf = sedona_functions::st_envelope::st_envelope_udf();
+        let envelope_tester = ScalarUdfTester::new(envelope_udf.into(), 
vec![WKB_GEOMETRY]);
+
+        let buffer_result = tester.invoke_scalar_scalar("POINT (1 2)", 
2.0).unwrap();
+        let envelope_result = 
envelope_tester.invoke_scalar(buffer_result).unwrap();
+        let expected_envelope = "POLYGON((-1 0, -1 4, 3 4, 3 0, -1 0))";
+        tester.assert_scalar_result_equals(envelope_result, expected_envelope);
+
+        let result = tester
+            .invoke_scalar_scalar(ScalarValue::Null, ScalarValue::Null)
+            .unwrap();
+        assert!(result.is_null());
+
+        let input_wkt = vec![None, Some("POINT (0 0)")];
+        let input_dist = 1;
+        let expected_envelope: ArrayRef = create_array(
+            &[None, Some("POLYGON((-1 -1, -1 1, 1 1, 1 -1, -1 -1))")],
+            &WKB_GEOMETRY,
+        );
+        let buffer_result = tester
+            .invoke_wkb_array_scalar(input_wkt, input_dist)
+            .unwrap();
+        let envelope_result = 
envelope_tester.invoke_array(buffer_result).unwrap();
+        assert_array_equal(&envelope_result, &expected_envelope);
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn test_empty_geometry() {

Review Comment:
   The test suite here is the same as the `geos` buffer test suite plus this 
new function, which I also copied over to `geos` st_buffer to be sure it works 
the same.



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