jiayuasu opened a new issue, #2722:
URL: https://github.com/apache/sedona/issues/2722

   ### Description
   
   `ST_Equals` throws `IllegalArgumentException` when either argument is a 
non-empty `GeometryCollection`. PostGIS and shapely/geopandas handle 
`GeometryCollection` inputs without errors.
   
   ### Root cause
   
   In [`Predicates.java` line 
58-60](https://github.com/apache/sedona/blob/master/common/src/main/java/org/apache/sedona/common/Predicates.java#L58-L60):
   
   ```java
   public static boolean equals(Geometry leftGeometry, Geometry rightGeometry) {
       return leftGeometry.symDifference(rightGeometry).isEmpty();
   }
   ```
   
   JTS's `symDifference` does not support `GeometryCollection` arguments, so 
this throws:
   
   ```
   java.lang.IllegalArgumentException: Operation does not support 
GeometryCollection arguments
       at 
org.locationtech.jts.geom.Geometry.checkNotGeometryCollection(Geometry.java:1735)
       at 
org.locationtech.jts.geom.GeometryOverlay.symDifference(GeometryOverlay.java:135)
       at org.locationtech.jts.geom.Geometry.symDifference(Geometry.java:1382)
       at org.apache.sedona.common.Predicates.equals(Predicates.java:59)
   ```
   
   ### Steps to reproduce
   
   ```sql
   SELECT ST_Equals(
       ST_GeomFromText('GEOMETRYCOLLECTION(POINT(0 0), LINESTRING(0 0, 1 1))'),
       ST_GeomFromText('GEOMETRYCOLLECTION(POINT(0 0), LINESTRING(0 0, 1 1))')
   )
   -- Sedona: throws IllegalArgumentException
   -- PostGIS: returns true
   ```
   
   ```python
   from shapely.geometry import GeometryCollection, Point, LineString
   
   gc = GeometryCollection([Point(0, 0), LineString([(0, 0), (1, 1)])])
   gc.equals(gc)
   # True
   ```
   
   ### Suggested fix
   
   Use `equalsTopo` instead of `symDifference().isEmpty()`, or add special 
handling for `GeometryCollection`:
   
   ```java
   public static boolean equals(Geometry leftGeometry, Geometry rightGeometry) {
       return leftGeometry.equalsTopo(rightGeometry);
   }
   ```
   
   Note: `equalsTopo` is the JTS equivalent of the DE-9IM based topological 
equality check and handles `GeometryCollection` inputs correctly.
   


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