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https://issues.apache.org/jira/browse/SPARK-22231?page=com.atlassian.jira.plugin.system.issuetabpanels:comment-tabpanel&focusedCommentId=16198146#comment-16198146
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Liang-Chi Hsieh commented on SPARK-22231:
-----------------------------------------
Btw, the capacity to work on nested data types looks similar to the higher
order functions proposed at
https://databricks.com/blog/2017/05/24/working-with-nested-data-using-higher-order-functions-in-sql-on-databricks.html.
> Support of map, filter, withColumn, dropColumn in nested list of structures
> ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
>
> Key: SPARK-22231
> URL: https://issues.apache.org/jira/browse/SPARK-22231
> Project: Spark
> Issue Type: New Feature
> Components: SQL
> Affects Versions: 2.2.0
> Reporter: DB Tsai
>
> At Netflix's algorithm team, we work on ranking problems to find the great
> content to fulfill the unique tastes of our members. Before building a
> recommendation algorithms, we need to prepare the training, testing, and
> validation datasets in Apache Spark. Due to the nature of ranking problems,
> we have a nested list of items to be ranked in one column, and the top level
> is the contexts describing the setting for where a model is to be used (e.g.
> profiles, country, time, device, etc.) Here is a blog post describing the
> details, [Distributed Time Travel for Feature
> Generation|https://medium.com/netflix-techblog/distributed-time-travel-for-feature-generation-389cccdd3907].
>
> To be more concrete, for the ranks of videos for a given profile_id at a
> given country, our data schema can be looked like this,
> {code:java}
> root
> |-- profile_id: long (nullable = true)
> |-- country_iso_code: string (nullable = true)
> |-- items: array (nullable = false)
> | |-- element: struct (containsNull = false)
> | | |-- title_id: integer (nullable = true)
> | | |-- scores: double (nullable = true)
> ...
> {code}
> We oftentimes need to work on the nested list of structs by applying some
> functions on them. Sometimes, we're dropping or adding new columns in the
> nested list of structs. Currently, there is no easy solution in open source
> Apache Spark to perform those operations using SQL primitives; many people
> just convert the data into RDD to work on the nested level of data, and then
> reconstruct the new dataframe as workaround. This is extremely inefficient
> because all the optimizations like predicate pushdown in SQL can not be
> performed, we can not leverage on the columnar format, and the serialization
> and deserialization cost becomes really huge even we just want to add a new
> column in the nested level.
> We built a solution internally at Netflix which we're very happy with. We
> plan to make it open source in Spark upstream. We would like to socialize the
> API design to see if we miss any use-case.
> The first API we added is *mapItems* on dataframe which take a function from
> *Column* to *Column*, and then apply the function on nested dataframe. Here
> is an example,
> {code:java}
> case class Data(foo: Int, bar: Double, items: Seq[Double])
> val df: Dataset[Data] = spark.createDataset(Seq(
> Data(10, 10.0, Seq(10.1, 10.2, 10.3, 10.4)),
> Data(20, 20.0, Seq(20.1, 20.2, 20.3, 20.4))
> ))
> val result = df.mapItems("items") {
> item => item * 2.0
> }
> result.printSchema()
> // root
> // |-- foo: integer (nullable = false)
> // |-- bar: double (nullable = false)
> // |-- items: array (nullable = true)
> // | |-- element: double (containsNull = true)
> result.show()
> // +---+----+--------------------+
> // |foo| bar| items|
> // +---+----+--------------------+
> // | 10|10.0|[20.2, 20.4, 20.6...|
> // | 20|20.0|[40.2, 40.4, 40.6...|
> // +---+----+--------------------+
> {code}
> Now, with the ability of applying a function in the nested dataframe, we can
> add a new function, *withColumn* in *Column* to add or replace the existing
> column that has the same name in the nested list of struct. Here is two
> examples demonstrating the API together with *mapItems*; the first one
> replaces the existing column,
> {code:java}
> case class Item(a: Int, b: Double)
> case class Data(foo: Int, bar: Double, items: Seq[Item])
> val df: Dataset[Data] = spark.createDataset(Seq(
> Data(10, 10.0, Seq(Item(10, 10.0), Item(11, 11.0))),
> Data(20, 20.0, Seq(Item(20, 20.0), Item(21, 21.0)))
> ))
> val result = df.mapItems("items") {
> item => item.withColumn(item("b") + 1 as "b")
> }
> result.printSchema
> root
> // |-- foo: integer (nullable = false)
> // |-- bar: double (nullable = false)
> // |-- items: array (nullable = true)
> // | |-- element: struct (containsNull = true)
> // | | |-- a: integer (nullable = true)
> // | | |-- b: double (nullable = true)
> result.show(false)
> // +---+----+----------------------+
> // |foo|bar |items |
> // +---+----+----------------------+
> // |10 |10.0|[[10,11.0], [11,12.0]]|
> // |20 |20.0|[[20,21.0], [21,22.0]]|
> // +---+----+----------------------+
> {code}
> and the second one adds a new column in the nested dataframe.
> {code:java}
> val df: Dataset[Data] = spark.createDataset(Seq(
> Data(10, 10.0, Seq(Item(10, 10.0), Item(11, 11.0))),
> Data(20, 20.0, Seq(Item(20, 20.0), Item(21, 21.0)))
> ))
> val result = df.mapItems("items") {
> item => item.withColumn(item("b") + 1 as "b")
> }
> result.printSchema
> root
> // |-- foo: integer (nullable = false)
> // |-- bar: double (nullable = false)
> // |-- items: array (nullable = true)
> // | |-- element: struct (containsNull = true)
> // | | |-- a: integer (nullable = true)
> // | | |-- b: double (nullable = true)
> // | | |-- c: double (nullable = true)
> result.show(false)
> // +---+----+--------------------------------+
> // |foo|bar |items |
> // +---+----+--------------------------------+
> // |10 |10.0|[[10,10.0,11.0], [11,11.0,12.0]]|
> // |20 |20.0|[[20,20.0,21.0], [21,21.0,22.0]]|
> // +---+----+--------------------------------+
> {code}
> We also implement a filter predicate to nested list of struct, and it will
> return those items which matched the predicate. The following is the API
> example,
> {code:java}
> val df: Dataset[Data] = spark.createDataset(Seq(
> Data(10, 10.0, Seq(Item(10, 10.0), Item(11, 11.0))),
> Data(20, 20.0, Seq(Item(20, 20.0), Item(21, 21.0)))
> ))
> val result = df.filterItems("items") {
> item => item("a") < 20
> }
> // +---+----+----------------------+
> // |foo|bar |items |
> // +---+----+----------------------+
> // |10 |10.0|[[10,10.0], [11,11.0]]|
> // |20 |20.0|[] |
> // +---+----+----------------------+
> {code}
> Dropping a column in the nested list of struct can be achieved by similar API
> to *withColumn*. We add *drop* method to *Column* to implement this. Here is
> an example,
> {code:java}
> val df: Dataset[Data] = spark.createDataset(Seq(
> Data(10, 10.0, Seq(Item(10, 10.0), Item(11, 11.0))),
> Data(20, 20.0, Seq(Item(20, 20.0), Item(21, 21.0)))
> ))
> val result = df.mapItems("items") {
> item => item.drop("b")
> }
> result.printSchema
> root
> // |-- foo: integer (nullable = false)
> // |-- bar: double (nullable = false)
> // |-- items: array (nullable = true)
> // | |-- element: struct (containsNull = true)
> // | | |-- a: integer (nullable = true)
> result.show(false)
> // +---+----+------------+
> // |foo|bar |items |
> // +---+----+------------+
> // |10 |10.0|[[10], [11]]|
> // |20 |20.0|[[20], [21]]|
> // +---+----+------------+
> {code}
> As you can see, those APIs are not opaque to Spark optimizers, and can fully
> take advantage of columnar data structure.
> We're looking forward to the community feedback and suggestion! Thanks.
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