G'day,
Sorry to hear about your troubles. As you know, I resorted
to extraordinary lengths (lglicua SourceForge project) to get
IM/CD/IUP to compile under GNU/Linux, especially GCC.
As far as I'm aware, no-one tries to write programs directly
in assembler, and only assembler. The usual framework I've
seen is to use C to set things up, declare an external function,
and then have that function, written in assembler, interface
with GCC.
This is because of a simple programming maxim: Try to write
your program in the least number of "simple" or "reasonable"
lines, using programming languages that support high-level
abstractions, as a single line in a high-level language may
translate into many thousands or even millions of lines in
low-level languages such as assembler/machine code.
(APL? SQL? R? Python? Matlab? Lua? A spreadsheet? A
virtual machine? A network of clustered machines?)
Basically, revert to a lower-level language only when the
higher-level language cannot model it (e.g. some hardware
features of CPUs and/or GPUs), often due to a desire to gain
performance.
As a rule of thumb, code is read perhaps 10 times more often
than it is written, and it takes perhaps the same amount of
time to write a code in any language -- therefore, always
strive to minimise the drift to lower languages.
Sometimes, algorithm changes or highly expressive languages
can give startling results. For an example of this, consider
Conway's game of Life:
- Look up HashLife, that can simulate billions of
generations efficiently; and/or
- A YouTube demo of Life in APL, with the final run
given in a single line of APL:
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=a9xAKttWgP4
----
As a worked example, the C program "hw.c":
#include <stdio.h>
static void p(char *pStr)
{
printf("%s\n", pStr);
}
int main(void)
{
p("Hello, World");
return 0;
}
can be compiled to show the assembly-language output via:
gcc -O0 -Wa,-ahl hw.c
The "-Wa," incantation means 'send the rest of this argument
as a command-line item ("-ahl") to the assembler'.
The gcc command produces the following output:
--------------------------------------------------------------------
GAS LISTING /tmp/ccpTGSO4.s page 1
1 .file "hw.c"
2 .text
3 .type p, @function
4 p:
5 .LFB0:
6 .cfi_startproc
7 0000 55 pushq %rbp
8 .cfi_def_cfa_offset 16
9 .cfi_offset 6, -16
10 0001 4889E5 movq %rsp, %rbp
11 .cfi_def_cfa_register 6
12 0004 4883EC10 subq $16, %rsp
13 0008 48897DF8 movq %rdi, -8(%rbp)
14 000c 488B45F8 movq -8(%rbp), %rax
15 0010 4889C7 movq %rax, %rdi
16 0013 E8000000 call puts@PLT
16 00
17 0018 90 nop
18 0019 C9 leave
19 .cfi_def_cfa 7, 8
20 001a C3 ret
21 .cfi_endproc
22 .LFE0:
23 .size p, .-p
24 .section .rodata
25 .LC0:
26 0000 48656C6C .string "Hello, World"
26 6F2C2057
26 6F726C64
26 00
27 .text
28 .globl main
29 .type main, @function
30 main:
31 .LFB1:
32 .cfi_startproc
33 001b 55 pushq %rbp
34 .cfi_def_cfa_offset 16
35 .cfi_offset 6, -16
36 001c 4889E5 movq %rsp, %rbp
37 .cfi_def_cfa_register 6
38 001f 488D0500 leaq .LC0(%rip), %rax
38 000000
39 0026 4889C7 movq %rax, %rdi
40 0029 E8D2FFFF call p
40 FF
41 002e B8000000 movl $0, %eax
41 00
42 0033 5D popq %rbp
43 .cfi_def_cfa 7, 8
44 0034 C3 ret
45 .cfi_endproc
46 .LFE1:
47 .size main, .-main
48 .ident "GCC: (Gentoo 13.2.1_p20230826 p7)
13.2.1 20230826"
49 .section .note.GNU-stack,"",@progbits
----------------------------------------------------------------
Hope this helps,
sur-behoffski (Brenton Hoff)
programmer, Grouse Software
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