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new c201358271 Document the 2.0.2 hardening in the threat model
c201358271 is described below
commit c201358271648def286e3619342de70b3af404c5
Author: Robert Lazarski <[email protected]>
AuthorDate: Thu Aug 6 04:00:21 2026 -1000
Document the 2.0.2 hardening in the threat model
SECURITY.md described the state before this round of work, so a reader would
have taken the WS-Addressing egress path, the unbounded request builders and
the uneven metadata gating as still current.
Four additions to the hardening list: the response-endpoint policy and why
decoupled responses are declined by default, the request-body ceilings and
temp-file lifecycle, the OpenAPI and Swagger UI output handling, and the now
uniform enforcement of exposeServiceMetadata. The attack-surface and URL
tables
are updated to match -- the OpenAPI routes were listed as plain anonymous,
and
the metadata row named only three of the routes that gate on the parameter.
The response-endpoint entry states its own limitation rather than leaving it
implied: the destination is resolved to check it and resolved again to
connect,
which pinning would close but the transport cannot currently do, so cloud
deployments still want egress controls alongside it.
Every parameter named here was checked against the code.
Co-Authored-By: Claude Fable 5 <[email protected]>
---
SECURITY.md | 75 ++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++-----
1 file changed, 70 insertions(+), 5 deletions(-)
diff --git a/SECURITY.md b/SECURITY.md
index 52202c996f..ed4b7fdf6f 100644
--- a/SECURITY.md
+++ b/SECURITY.md
@@ -121,9 +121,10 @@ Axis2 exposes the following URL patterns from the servlet
mapping:
| `/services/{ServiceName}?wsdl` | WSDL metadata retrieval | Anonymous (if
`exposeServiceMetadata=true`) |
| `/services/{ServiceName}?xsd` | XML Schema retrieval | Anonymous (if
`exposeServiceMetadata=true`) |
| `/services/` | Service listing | Anonymous (if `exposeServiceMetadata=true`)
|
-| `/openapi.json` | OpenAPI 3.0 schema (if OpenAPI module engaged) | Anonymous
|
-| `/swagger-ui` | Swagger UI (if OpenAPI module engaged) | Anonymous |
-| `/openapi-mcp.json` | MCP tool catalog (if OpenAPI module engaged) |
Anonymous |
+| `/services/{ServiceName}/{name}.xsd` or `.wsdl` | Packaged metadata by file
name | Anonymous (if `exposeServiceMetadata=true`) |
+| `/openapi.json` | OpenAPI 3.0 schema (if OpenAPI module engaged) |
Anonymous; per-service `exposeServiceMetadata` respected |
+| `/swagger-ui` | Swagger UI (if OpenAPI module engaged) | Anonymous;
per-service `exposeServiceMetadata` respected |
+| `/openapi-mcp.json` | MCP tool catalog (if OpenAPI module engaged) |
Anonymous; per-service `exposeServiceMetadata` respected |
### Attack Surface by Component
@@ -133,11 +134,14 @@ Axis2 exposes the following URL patterns from the servlet
mapping:
| **WSDL/XSD import resolution** (wsdl4j, xmlschema-core) | XXE in imported
documents; SSRF via `file://`/`gopher://` schemes | `SecureWSDLLocator`
pre-validates with hardened SAX parser; protocol whitelist (HTTP/HTTPS only);
size limit (10MB default); connect/read timeouts; relative-path SSRF bypass
blocked |
| **JSON parser** (Gson) | Deep nesting stack exhaustion, large payload DoS |
Fuzz-tested (1.7M+ iterations); Gson nesting limits |
| **JSON-RPC dispatch** | Method name injection; unexpected operation
invocation | Method names validated against deployed operations; unknown
methods return fault |
-| **Multipart/file upload** (commons-fileupload2) | Unbounded file count DoS
(CVE-2023-24998 pattern) | Migrated from commons-fileupload 1.x to
commons-fileupload2 which enforces file count limits |
+| **Multipart/file upload** (commons-fileupload2) | Unbounded file count DoS
(CVE-2023-24998 pattern); unbounded body size; temp-file accumulation |
commons-fileupload2 enforces the file count limit; `multipartMaxRequestSize` /
`multipartMaxFileSize` bound the body; temp files are deleted immediately for
form fields and tracked to collection for file parts |
+| **Form-urlencoded builder** | Unbounded body read into an in-memory map |
`formUrlEncodedMaxRequestSize` bounds the read; the stream fails rather than
truncating |
| **Service dispatchers** | Routing to unintended service; header spoofing |
Dispatchers validate service existence; unknown services return fault |
| **Hot-deployment** (DeploymentEngine) | Malicious AAR/MAR deploys arbitrary
code | Trust boundary is filesystem access; no signature verification (admin
operation) |
| **Context externalization** (SafeObjectInputStream) | Java deserialization
gadget chains | Whitelist-based `SafeObjectInputStream`; restricted to known
Axis2 context classes |
-| **Metadata endpoints** (`?wsdl`, `?xsd`, `/services/`) | Service
enumeration, schema disclosure | Controllable via `exposeServiceMetadata`
parameter |
+| **Metadata endpoints** (`?wsdl`, `?xsd`, `/services/`, `.xsd`/`.wsdl` by
name, OpenAPI/MCP) | Service enumeration, schema disclosure |
`exposeServiceMetadata` enforced uniformly across the servlet and standalone
HTTP paths and the OpenAPI/MCP generators |
+| **WS-Addressing response endpoints** (`wsa:ReplyTo`, `wsa:FaultTo`) | SSRF:
an inbound header names the destination of a server-initiated send |
Non-anonymous response endpoints refused by default
(`allowNonAnonymousResponseEndpoints`); when enabled, scheme restricted to
HTTPS, destination screened at both the header-parsing and transport-selection
layers, and redirects not followed |
+| **OpenAPI / Swagger UI surface** | Reflected XSS from request-controlled
values; Host reflected into published URLs | Host validated, values encoded for
their output context, CSP with a per-response script nonce; the published
`servers[].url` is relative unless `openapi.serverBaseUrl` pins it |
| **MTOM/attachment handling** | Large attachment DoS, temp file exhaustion |
Streaming processing; `TempFileManager` cleanup |
| **`?fields=` query parameter** (field selection, if enabled) |
Reflection-based field filtering on response objects | Field names validated
against declared response type; no dynamic class loading |
@@ -240,6 +244,67 @@ migration from `commons-fileupload` 1.x to
`commons-fileupload2` in
findings. See `src/site/xdoc/docs/OSS-FUZZ.md`. Axis2/C has an
active OSS-Fuzz integration.
+9. **WS-Addressing response endpoints (2.0.2):** A non-anonymous
+ `wsa:ReplyTo` or `wsa:FaultTo` makes the server open a connection to an
+ address the caller chose. Unless WS-Security is engaged to bind that
+ endpoint reference to a trusted issuer, the WS-Addressing specification
+ leaves it to the receiver to decide whether to honour it, so Axis2 now
+ declines by default. `allowNonAnonymousResponseEndpoints` is `false`;
+ replies and faults travel back down the inbound connection only. Apache
+ CXF made the same choice in
+ `org.apache.cxf.ws.addressing.decoupled.enabled`.
+
+ Deployments that genuinely use decoupled responses — the separate-listener
+ "Dual" clients, or a third-party callback endpoint — set it to `true`, and
+ should also set `httpFrontendHostUrl` so the generated reply address is the
+ real external URL rather than the local one. With the feature enabled:
+
+ - `allowedResponseEndpointSchemes` permits HTTPS only. Widen it to name a
+ transport actually used for replies.
+ - The destination is screened both where the inbound header is parsed and
+ where a server-side response acquires its transport, so the check cannot
+ be reached around by setting the endpoint reference another way.
+ - Link-local, wildcard and multicast destinations are always refused.
+ `blockPrivateNetworkResponseEndpoints` additionally refuses loopback and
+ private ranges; it is off by default because a callback inside the same
+ private network is how most decoupled deployments are wired.
+ - Redirects are not followed, so a reply endpoint cannot hand the sender a
+ destination the policy already refused.
+ - Name resolution is bounded (`responseEndpointResolveTimeoutMillis`) and
+ runs on a capped pool, so a slow resolver cannot tie up request threads.
+
+ Known limitation: the destination is resolved once to check it and again to
+ connect, so a hostile DNS server could answer differently the second time.
+ Closing that requires connecting to a pinned address, which the transport
+ does not currently support. Operators in cloud environments should pair
+ these settings with network egress controls.
+
+10. **Request body ceilings (2.0.2):** The `multipart/form-data` and
+ `application/x-www-form-urlencoded` builders read the transport stream
+ directly, so a servlet container's post-size limit never sees the body.
+ `multipartMaxRequestSize` and `multipartMaxFileSize` (100 MB) and
+ `formUrlEncodedMaxRequestSize` (2 MB) bound them; `-1` restores the
+ previous unbounded behaviour, and either may be set per service.
+ Multipart temp files are now deleted rather than accumulating: form-field
+ parts as soon as their text is read, file parts once the item backing the
+ `DataHandler` is unreachable.
+
+11. **OpenAPI and Swagger UI output (2.0.2):** Request-controlled values are
+ validated and encoded for the context they are written into, the served
+ page carries a Content-Security-Policy with a per-response script nonce,
+ and the published `servers[].url` is relative — resolved by the client
+ against wherever it fetched the document — rather than derived from the
+ request Host. `openapi.serverBaseUrl` pins an absolute URL where a
+ deployment needs one.
+
+12. **Uniform metadata exposure (2.0.2):** `exposeServiceMetadata` is now
+ honoured by every anonymous metadata route: the `?wsdl`, `?wsdl2` and
+ `?xsd` queries as before, plus the `.xsd`/`.wsdl` file routes on both the
+ servlet and standalone HTTP paths, the named-WSDL route, and the
+ OpenAPI/Swagger/MCP generators. A service with exposure disabled is
+ skipped rather than refused, so it stays indistinguishable from one that
+ is not deployed.
+
## Reporting Security Issues
Report vulnerabilities to: **[email protected]**
