Field Selection and Lazy Field Loading
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         Key: LUCENE-545
         URL: http://issues.apache.org/jira/browse/LUCENE-545
     Project: Lucene - Java
        Type: New Feature

  Components: Store  
    Versions: 2.0    
    Reporter: Grant Ingersoll
    Priority: Minor


The patch to come shortly implements a Field Selection and Lazy Loading 
mechanism for Document loading on the IndexReader.

It introduces a FieldSelector interface that defines the accept method:
FieldSelectorResult accept(String fieldName);

(Perhaps we want to expand this to take in other parameters such as the field 
metadata (term vector, etc.))

Anyone can implement a FieldSelector to define how they want to load fields for 
a Document.  
The FieldSelectorResult can be one of four values: LOAD, LAZY_LOAD, NO_LOAD, 
LOAD_AND_BREAK.  
The FieldsReader, as it is looping over the FieldsInfo, applies the 
FieldSelector to determine what should be done with the current field.

I modeled this after the java.io.FileFilter mechanism.  There are two 
implementations to date: SetBasedFieldSelector and LoadFirstFieldSelector.  The 
former takes in two sets of field names, one to load immed. and one to load 
lazily.  The latter returns LOAD_AND_BREAK on the first field encountered.  See 
TestFieldsReader for examples.

It should support UTF-8 (I borrowed code from Issue 509, thanks!).  See 
TestFieldsReader for examples

I added an expert method on IndexInput  named skipChars that takes in the 
number of characters to skip.  This is a compromise on changing the file format 
of the fields to better support seeking.  It does some of the work of 
readChars, but not all of it.  It doesn't require buffer storage and it doesn't 
do the bitwise operations.  It just reads in the appropriate number of bytes 
and promptly ignores them.  This is useful for skipping non-binary, 
non-compressed stored fields.

The biggest change is by far the introduction of the Fieldable interface (as 
per Doug's suggestion from a mailing list email on Lazy Field loading from a 
while ago).  Field is now a Fieldable.  All uses of Field have been changed to 
use Fieldable.  FieldsReader.LazyField also implements Fieldable.

Lazy Field loading is now implemented.  It has a major caveat (that is 
Documented) in that it clones the underlying IndexInput upon lazy access to the 
Field value.  IT IS UNDEFINED whether a Lazy Field can be loaded after the 
IndexInput parent has been closed (although, from what I saw, it does work).  I 
thought about adding a reattach method, but it seems just as easy to reload the 
document.  See the TestFieldsReader and DocHelper for examples.

I updated a couple of other tests to reflect the new fields that are on the 
DocHelper document.

All tests pass.

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