>
> It is like with people, if you really want someone to understand
> something, you will teach him (presenting examples
> is one approach for teaching). But at the end you want to know whether
> he really understood (i.e., got the principles
> and is able to use them to solve knew problems) or whether he just
> memorized. The only way to find this out is to show him s.th. he has
> not seen before...

That's a good analogy, and it does demonstrate the benefits of the out-
of-sample testing. However, it also illuminates the trap. Let's take
your example and modify it a little. Let's say you are teaching a
child to read in English. She made a good progress thus far, so you
decide to test whether she *really* learned how to read. You present a
test, which happens to be a Japanese poetry piece. Naturally, the
child gets an "fail" on that test, and so do you as a teacher.

The same thing may happen with your "in-sample, out of sample"
approach. If your in-sample is too short, your system may learn the
patterns while the market was "speaking" English, and apply those
patterns when the market shifted to speaking Japanese.

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