If a node fails during the 2-phase commit protocol, an exception  is thrown 
internally by the comms layer.  This is trapped and the transaction is marked 
for rollback, and the TM sees this and initiates a rollback.

If the node does before the 2-pc protocol commences, then the tx does not fail; 
it just excludes the dead node from the cluster.

There is no difference between a shutdown and a node crashing as far as the 
2-pc protocol is concerned.  If the node dies/is shut down in the middle of the 
2-pc protocol, it will cause a rollback on the initiator of the commit.  Else, 
it will be excluded from the cluster before the 2-pc commences.

We detect dead nodes using JGroups' failure detection protocols - FD and 
FD_SOCK.  See JGroups docs for details on this.



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