There are two approaches for concurrent task assignment in particular and 
database access in general: pessimistic locking and optimistic control.

In the first approach, you lock the task instance 
(jbpmContext.getSession().lock(taskInstance, LockMode.UPGRADE) before you 
update it. The first transaction that attempts this will get the lock and 
proceed. Other transactions will have to wait until the first transaction 
releases the lock. This approach has the following drawbacks:

While a transaction waits for the lock to be released, the thread executing it 
will be stalled and your application will appear unresponsive to its clients 
After acquiring the lock, you have to check whether the taskInstance has 
already been assigned 
Locking is supported differently between databases. Some do not support 
specific lock modes and cause your app to behave in unexpected ways
Optimistic control does not rely on database-provided mechanisms but in checks 
made by the application. When a conflict is detected, one of those 
StaleStateExceptions is thrown. 

There is no reason to consider this an unaesthetic programming style, because 
it is a well-known practice. What you gain here, full application 
responsiveness and predictable behavior across databases, outweighs the 
inconvenience of catching the exception.

By the way, you shouldn't catch all Exceptions, but only 
JbpmPersistenceExceptions.

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