This details the solution for the following two types exception on a Linux system:

java.lang.OutOfMemoryError: unable to create new native thread
This exception is caused by one of two things.

1. The most common is that you reached the max number of user processes for the 
account that you're running JBoss on.  You can see the limit by using "ulimit -u".  
Raising the limit should resolve this problem.  Please note that there seems to be a 
hard coded ceiling of 1024 user processes, this may be a 2.4 kernel issues or a libc 
issue (both have such values in them, but I haven't done enough testing yet to tell 
which is causing this).

2. Once you get number one solved you may see this error again, this time it does 
actually appear to be a memory issue.  By default kernel 2.4 creates threads with a 
stack size of 2MB.  There also seems to be some limit that only allows the use of 1GB 
of memory for stack allocations. So lots of threads could eat up lots of the 1GB the 
system has to work with.  The fix for this one is use the -Xss jvm flag.  The value of 
1024k (so -Xss1024k) seems to work well.  On the 2.4 kernel this allows some 300 
threads to be created per vm.

Kernel 2.6 + NPTL Note: As many people may know Kernel 2.6 allows for a new threading 
model known as NPTL.  This new model really helps with the above problem.  First it 
allows more then 1024 user processes.  I was able to create about 2400 threads with a 
stack size of 128k.  This compared to the approximate 500 I could create with a 
similar setup under the 2.4 kernel.  Plus NPTL was MUCH faster (a couple orders of 
magnitude).

StackOverflowException or
Attempt to ungaurd stack red zone failed
These errors are seen when you run out of stack space.  Best fix for this one is to 
use the -Xss jvm flag and lower the amount of stack size each thread gets.  Again, 
1024k (-Xss1024k) seems to be a good number.

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