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https://issues.apache.org/jira/browse/ARROW-12358?page=com.atlassian.jira.plugin.system.issuetabpanels:comment-tabpanel&focusedCommentId=17346110#comment-17346110
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Lance Dacey commented on ARROW-12358:
-------------------------------------

Being able to update and replace specific rows would be very powerful. For my 
use case, I am basically overwriting the entire partition in order to update a 
(sometimes tiny) subset of rows. That means that I need to read the existing 
data for that partition which was saved previously, and the new data with 
updated or new rows. Then I need to sort and drop duplicates (I use pandas 
because there is no simple .drop_duplicates() for a pyarrow table, but adding a 
step with pandas can add some complication sometimes with data types), then I 
need to overwrite the partition (I use the partition_filename_cb to guarantee 
that the final file for the partition is the same).

> [C++][Python][R][Dataset] Control overwriting vs appending when writing to 
> existing dataset
> -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
>
>                 Key: ARROW-12358
>                 URL: https://issues.apache.org/jira/browse/ARROW-12358
>             Project: Apache Arrow
>          Issue Type: Improvement
>          Components: C++
>            Reporter: Joris Van den Bossche
>            Priority: Major
>              Labels: dataset
>             Fix For: 5.0.0
>
>
> Currently, the dataset writing (eg with {{pyarrow.dataset.write_dataset}} 
> uses a fixed filename template ({{"part\{i\}.ext"}}). This means that when 
> you are writing to an existing dataset, you de facto overwrite previous data 
> when using this default template.
> There is some discussion in ARROW-10695 about how the user can avoid this by 
> ensuring the file names are unique (the user can specify the 
> {{basename_template}} to be something unique). There is also ARROW-7706 about 
> silently doubling data (so _not_ overwriting existing data) with the legacy 
> {{parquet.write_to_dataset}} implementation. 
> It could be good to have a "mode" when writing datasets that controls the 
> different possible behaviours. And erroring when there is pre-existing data 
> in the target directory is maybe the safest default, because both appending 
> vs overwriting silently can be surprising behaviour depending on your 
> expectations.



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