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On Tuesday 04 May 2004 01:57, Miguel wrote:
> Egon wrote:
> Now, we need a file which has both formalCharge and partialCharge data.
>
> Q: Why is it that formal charges can range from -4 to +7 but partial
> charges are only in the range -1.0 to +1.0 ?

Formal charges are things made up by humans to indicate certain properties... 
Real atomic charges don't really exist, but are a better approximation of the 
real thing (the orbitals): partial atomic charges are some measure indication 
the electron densities (as in the electron orbitals) over the atoms... since 
simple models do not represent the actual orbitals (which are complex 3D 
objects), the densities are projected on the atom cores... far from reality, 
but much easier to understand and represent...

And these densities can be projected onto the atomic charges in very many 
ways, both from quantum mechanics (orbital analysis) and from other 
methods...  which is why the 'partial atomic charge' is a very fuzzy term...

Egon

- -- 
[EMAIL PROTECTED]
PhD on Molecular Representation in Chemometrics
Nijmegen University
http://www.cac.sci.kun.nl/people/egonw/
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