>>Its been a long time since I'd encountered a hostile audience and this was
an audience at a museum of art, the last place one would expect to find
rampant jingoism. <<
Maybe the following essay is not strictly about 'rampant jingoism' but it is
about things that one sometimes finds in art museums. It comes from the book
"Out There: Marginalization and Contemporary Cultures" edited by Russell
Ferguson, Martha Glever, Trinh T. Minh-ha and Cornel West, published by MIT
Press 1990. I quote, (and edit where indicated).

It is by John Yau and discusses the Cuban artist Wilfredo Lam.

"Wilfredo Lam's 'The Jungle' hangs in the hallway leading to the coatrooms of
the Museum of Modern Art. Its location is telling. The artist has been allowed
into the museum's lobby, but, like the delivery boy, has been made to wait in
an inauspicious passageway near the front door. By denying Lam the possibility
of going upstairs and conversing with Paul Cezanne, Pablo Picasso, Jackson
Pollock, and Frank Stella . the museum relegates 'The Jungle' to a secondary
status. This action is the result of numerous assumptions nearly everyone in
today's mainstream art world takes for granted. In fact, such assumptions are
an integral part of the art world's institutions (museums, galleries, and
magazines) as well as of its individuals (curators, editors, critics, dealers,
and collectors)."

Lam was the son of a Chinese father and Afro-Cuban mother, ancestor of a
runaway slave and godson of a Yoruba priestess. While imprisoned on the island
of Martinique he formed a lasting relationship with Aime Cesaire, one of the
founders of the negritude movement. When he returned to Cuba in the 1940s he
rejected the idea of painting 'for tourists' because

".it had nothing to do with an exploited people, with a society that crushed
and humiliated its slaves. No, I decided that my painting would never be the
equivalent of that pseudo-Cuban music for nightclubs. I refused to paint
cha-cha-cha. I wanted to work with all my heart to paint the drama of my
country, but by thoroughly expressing the negro spirit, the beauty of the
plastic arts of the blacks. In this way I could act as a Trojan horse that
would spew forth hallucinating figures with the power to surprise, to disturb
the dreams of the exploiters. I knew I was running the risk of not being
understood by either the man in the street or by the others. But a true
painter has the power to set the imagination to work, even if it takes time."

Yau claims that Lam's picture's placement is based on (MOMA Director) William
Rubin's estimation of Lam's achievement. This estimation, according to Yau, is
misleading and insensitive, and Rubin considers Lam to be 'a minor artist who
belonged to a minor group' (the Surrealists).

He described Lam's paintings: "Such paintings as Lam's 'Antillean Parade'
contain a fusion of influence as diverse as Haitian voodoo figures and African
masks. From the penumbra of bamboo and palm frond forests that form Lam's
primal landscapes, emerge hybrid personages whose presences seem to be
discovered in the very defining of the flora." This 'forest' misrepresented
Lam's intentions.

As Lam said "In any case the title has nothing to do with the real countryside
of Cuba, where there is no jungle but woods, hills and open country, and the
background of the picture is a sugar-cane plantation. My painting was intended
to communicate a psychic state."

Yau continues: ". in their concern with aesthetic issues, the art world's
institutions have consistently ignored and suppressed how American artists
have transplanted the polymorphous process of their cross-cultural experience
into visual evidence. Although Wilfredo Lam was a black artist from the
Americas who addressed this issue, Rubin's colour blind response is typical of
the art world's insensitivity."

"For Lam, Surrealism was an aid to recovering his African heritage. Certainly
Cesaire was as important an influence as Breton and Picasso. Rubin's writings
reverse Lam's intentions. They place him back in the disapora. This reversal
is doubled by the museum's placement of 'The Jungle' in the lobby."

The essay is called 'Please Wait By The Cloakroom'

mike in barcelona.

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